Professor of Neurology at UC London
Author of Ray Kennedy biography, Liverpool:The Hurricane Port, Mentored by a Madman, Brazil that Never Was and Brainspotting
I saw a patient with early Parkinsonโs disease a few weeks ago whose first symptom was an inability to spread butter evenly over his morning toast. i am still collecting and fascinated by new clinical presentations after all these years
I need 60 minutes and an informative GP's letter to see a new patient. It takes me 15 mins. to take a history, 5-15 to do the focused examination,15 to give the diagnosis and arrive at an agreement on the best treatment and 15 to chat about the patient's life and interests.
Low dose amitryptiline (10-20mg) is another oldie but goody on the Parkinson's disease smorgasbord. It is much better than SSRIs for depression, it can help nocturia and also is excellent for associated disturbances of gastro-intestinal motility. For now its also very affordable
Neurology is different from other internal medical specialities in that the examination is still often indispensable .
Instead of salivating over new tests neurologists should enthuse over the beauty of high touch medicine and challenge payers to reimburse it appropriately
There are now many wonderful researcher-neurologists. but very few neurologist-researchers. The 'little individuals ' who build their research around their practice are crying out for help. If something is not done they will vanish with the ghosts of Holmes and Critchley.
@UCLIoN
A clinical mistake leading to a missed diagnosis, an unusual presentation of a common disorder, a new clinical sign that may aid diagnosis and save money should all be written up. Case reports are back even if the editorial popes and H index narcissists don't like it
When I was a junior doctor we rated our teachers not by their impact factors or research prowess but by their teaching skills and clinical acumen. You cant leave medical training to educationalists and scientists who have never cared for patients
A neurologist should have wide-ranging curiosity, inventiveness and an eagerness to find something new. To be an innovator one must risk making a fool of oneself and be prepared to admit error in public.
I have found amitryptiline followed by propranolol to be the most effective drugs for migraine prophylaxis when lifestyle changes have failed. Patient preference is of course important but it seems to be another clinical neuropharmacological area where old and cheap is better?
This week I saw a patient with Parkinson's disease whose partner told me that when he talks in his sleep his speech returns to how it was before the illness began ten years ago. The dreaming voice was both loud and crystal clear I have never heard this story before
@basbloem
I let them take away the doctorโs mess, dismantle medical firms, prevent the ward sister from joining rounds, take away the places where I could discuss intimate details with patients.
Instead I got to use a computer, clock in and out like a shift worker
My greatest regrets.
During the 20 years I worked as a NHS consultant I used free time to do clinical research, rather than attend committees, see patients in 'for profit' hospitals, or write grants. It kept me curious and free of burnout.
How about 1 paid session for research in NHS contracts?
Advice to young neurologists. Be silent rather than flippant. Do everything in your power to reduce a patientโs fear even if it requires a little drama. Donโt be afraid of asking a colleague for help.
John Walshe discoverer of 3 Wilsonโs disease treatments has passed aged 102
We did a joint clinic at the Middlesex Hospital for 13 years where he taught me courage, conviction & that science and good doctoring are compatible
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@UCLIoN
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@neurolib
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@MDC_IoN_UCL
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Only the best neurology journals like Brain, Lancet Neurology, JAMA neurology and JNNP have the courage to publish personal viewpoints.
The prejudice that clinicians with years of experience have nothing to contribute is both unfair and offensive and needs to change
A few other myths that are still prevalent among us
Selective MAOIB inhibitors are neuroprotective.
L-dopa is ineffective against rest tremor,
DAT scan is more accurate than expert clinical diagnosis.
New longer scales to measure disability are superior to older shorter ones
Parkinson missed hypomimia or at least didn't describe it clearly, and Charcot despite examining the script of patients with shaking palsy, using a hand lens, failed to detect micrographia.Even 'les visuels' are human: there are still unseen opportunities in clinical medicine
If allowed to speak freely without interruption patients present their complaints in an average of 7 minutes. Several further thoughtful open ended questions are thenneeded. Some patients find checklists demeaning, tiring and frightening. They are unvalidated I never use them
There seem to be more and more academic physicians who dislike diagnosing and treating patients and would rather leave patient care to NHS colleagues. This is a big change from 25 years ago when many of the best clinicians were professors
What has heartened me is how my colleagues in the current emergency have by-passed all that stifling red tape which has blighted our ability to be good doctors for so long, rallied together for society's good and put their lives at risk. They deserve much more than a hand clap.
As I slowly lost my grip on the medical literature I gradually gained the courage to listen to my patients and at the same time became more and more curious about their lives. I was no longer top dog but I was in greater demand than ever before.
#ListeninginMedicine
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I think I could spend all day listening to
@ajlees
talk about neurology with a historical perspective, such as today at
#MDSCongress
#mds2020
Great presentation on Encephalitis lethargica
It is important to say that most PD patients have no complaints of loss of sense of smell,no REM sleep behaviour disorder, no constipation,no tremor and no late onset depression, at the time of diagnosis.
The prodrome is being inflated like so much else and this will cause error
In medicine and in life I question my actions every day
When Iโm staring down the barrel of my latest mistake, i gather up the horror of it, understand why, accept it and realise there is something precious there from which I can learn for tomorrow
A system that denies trainees the opportunity to watch their teachers taking a history and examining at the bedside is second rate.
As Osler knew the lecture hall and the library cannot substitute for learning on the job
To practise medicine is to have a constant feeling that one has forgotten something. There is an inevitable uncertainty which should preclude imperiousness
Bring your soul and your mind to the clinic
Diagnosing and treating are the easiest part of medicine.
Healing requires qualities like compassion and feelings that no machine can ever know
If Freud hadn't been so influential the Encephalitis lethargica pandemic would have united the separating specialities of neurology and psychiatry. Instead we ended up with a conflict of paradigms with parallel terminologies for the same phenomena
The trio of Lancet papers published last week are open access. Together they provide an excellent resumรฉ of current knowledge and thinking on Parkinson's disease.
@TheLancet
Hope,love and faith-healing forces that the best physicians unconsciously possess.
Knowledge is the neurologistโs lodestar but should rarely be evident during the consultation.
Truthful kindness is an unquantifiable remedy.
Can you put a price on that?
#Soulfulneurology
I never stop marvelling at the advances in imaging, clinical genetics,pathology and physiology that have advanced neurology in the last 40 years. The trick is to combine it with the clinical methods we slowly learned in the first 100 years.
Listen, notice, touch-
Never forget
The ideal consultation takes place in a patient's home but this has almost gone.The next best is in a quiet clinic.If nobody objects this may go too. Claims that telemedicine is as good as face to face are based on a false premise.
Resist corporate and State Covid opportunists.
The neurological processions of Marinescu based on the teaching methods of Charcot who demonstrated on several patients with the same signs or syndrome at the same time โฆ
@movedisorder
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#Copenhagen
You might be hyposmic and have REM sleep disorder, a mildly abnormal DAT scan and a positive synuclein skin biopsy but you aint got Parkinsonโs disease.
A message for the New Year from Paracelsus the great noticer, the keen observer โA doctor must seek out old wives, gypsies,sorcerers, wandering tribes, old robbers and such outlaws and take lessons from them. A doctor is a traveller. Knowledge is experienceโ
Soulful neurology can embrace music and dance as well as tablets
Soulful neurology does not see a person as the disease they are living with
Soulful neurology requires you to put the interestsvof your patient above your own.
Soulful neurology transcends measurements and data
Advice to old neurologists. Don't overvalue clinical experience. Don't let your grey hair serve as a decoy for falling aptitude. Be prepared to embrace new technologies and gadgets if they have been shown by evidence to be efficacious
I would not want to know my ApoE status, even if I were having 'senior moments.'
I would never volunteer for a MR head, amyloid and tau scan in an aging study.
I do not want colleagues foisting a diagnosis of Alzheimers on me when I have no sign of dementia.
Chacun a son goรปt
The most important developments in neurology during my lifetime have been non-invasive anatomical imaging (MR) followed by thrombolysis and recanalisation programmes in strokes and then number 3 is the 50 year old dopamine miracle.
@JNNP_BMJ
@PracticalNeuro
@TheLancetNeuro
Spending more and more time grappling with electronic health records diminishes the joy of being a clinician because it takes you away from being with the living breathing human being who has come to see you with a medical problem
I have hardened my view about teleconsultation for patients with new neurological symptoms.
It is not better than nothing and it is medicolegally indefensible.
Doctors who succumb to it or accede to it should question if they are in the right job.
@MDCP_Journal
@EoinMulroy
How I agree with Simon Jenkins when he said, โIn an attempt to make the important measurable we have instead made the measurable importantโ
The scourge of modern medicine
Today, Mirabeau Press publishes Neurological Birdsong by
@ajlees
, in which the celebrated neurologist documents a careerโs worth of insights by transforming his most profound tweets into poetic form.
Available worldwide on Amazon.
My first ever paper was published in the green rag and two out of my 5 best papers were published here. It is the journal that gives us hope that neurology and psychiatry be one day a single speciality
@JNNP_BMJ
JNNP 100: A centenary of publishing
#neuroscience
achievements | UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology โ University College London |ย
@ucl
True impact: Citation classics such as
@ajlees
- the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonโs Disease
#PD
Suggestions to reduce diagnostic error
Bring back the clinical apprenticeship, the teaching autopsy, and bedside teaching.
Integrate modern technology into education but keep the patient centre stage.
Provide incentives and remuneration for teaching.
This is Charcotโs final publication which appeared in the New Review in 1893. I reccomend it to all doctors but particularly to those involved in treating functional neurological disorders
โThere are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio
Than are dreamt of in thy philosophy
The paperback is now out making it affordable for those curious to know more about the cradle of British neurology and how it has survived despite numerous challenges โฆ
@neurolib
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@UCLIoN
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@uclnews
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@uclh
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How I missed my white coat when they were banned by the NHS. Wearing it demanded a committment to science, purity and a weekly visit to the laundry.
@petergoadsby
and I were the last two rebels to defy the authorities at Queen Square. Then they took away my tie
@neurolib
@UCLIoN
I like my scientists to be modest,hesitant, sceptical and have an old school gentility. We still have some fortunately at Queen Square.
I dislike the ever increasing number who are expansionists, opportunists and mislead the public for profit or cynical self advancement.
Are you still curious to investigate the cause of symptoms and find answers for the clinical questions for which you have no answer? Is this still possible as an academic?
The research I love has nothing to do with public health, it stems from the patient. Carry on the fight!
Functional neurological disorders are one of the main contemporary challenges for neurologists. Anyone who thinks neurosyphilis is extinct needs revalidation. My review explains what neurologists can learn from psychiatrists and vice versa
@The_BNPA
For those of you who enjoyed Brainspotting can i recommend another book also written to interest and stimulate enjoyment in neurology by Harry Lee Parker.
If you want to know more about this remarkable teacher read the biography and listen to the lecture by โฆ
@ChrisBoesMD
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All my career I have been aware of the privilege and responsibility being a doctor brings but I cannot do my best in a soulless target driven ambience where every last bit of fun has been rubbed out. I want to feel the desire to โtake one for the teamโ not clock off at 5 pm
Fisher's rules should be hand outs for all residents starting out in neurology. One of the great masters who like Charcot saw pathological examination as the final component of diagnosis
Gordon Holmes believed each neurological examination should be as rigorous as a scientific experiment. Its expansion in the late nineteenth century was in part driven by the need to have more objective ways of distinguishing functional neurological disorder from nervous disease
Neurologists who aspire to become top notch basic scientists inevitably fall between two stools. But clinical research is something we should all be doing
What a great read is โBrainspottingโ by Professor
@ajlees
. He preaches about the history of neurology, compassionate care, and the importance of neurologic examination and clinical reasoning. So delightful. Below is one of my favorite quotes from the book. Highly recommend!
Neurologists, however specialised, should never get cut off from general medicine; it is a cardinal error.
In my own field of Parkinson's disease the new developments in the nature and treatment of diabetes mellitus continue after 30 years to be a fertile source of inspiration.
Geschwind during his sabbatical at Queen Square told me that he contacted all his patients with epilepsy asking them to write to him about their health. The reply in those he suspected of hypergraphia averaged 5000 words the rest 78.
How I miss this sort of study
@UCLIoN
There have been a few occasions where I have suspected Parkinson's disease and then not confirmed it on follow up visit.I believe stress can unmask motor signs which disappear. If you have the slightest doubt about the diagnosis hold back,do nothing & review in 6 months
@basbloem
How often do you invite someone from a different faculty to give a talk in your department?
How often do you consider inviting a historian, a sociologist, a novelist, a mathematician or even an anthropologist to give a keynote lecture at a neurology conference you are organising?
Sitting on a bench in Russell Square close to the Ewan MacColl oak listening to the clatterboard flap of London pigeons and the sound of the gardenerโs rake.
#Dirtyoldtown
'Atypical' Parkinson's syndrome is an imprecise term but it is a truthful one. It is not dishonest and I will go on using it when I am unsure.I never want to have to retract another diagnosis of PSP, CBS or MSA. When effective treatment arrives things will change.
@MDC_IoN_UCL
Let us get rid of the term Atypical Parkinsonism.
It is no better than Parkinsonโs plus and encourages Humpty dumptyism. It has become a monkey on our backs and no longer serves any useful purpose
Werner Poewe's talk transcended zoom. He was right there marrying the 19th century with the 21st reminding us that Parkinson's disease is a clinical diagnosis and that we will only need imaging and biomarkers in the 15% of undetermined cases.
A tour de force.
@MDSCongress
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I would never diagnose Parkinson's disease unless I have picked up a progressive reduction in speed and amplitude on finger or foot taps. The 20 seconds time is crucial-longer and you see fatigue in many normal people. Micrographia correlates poorly with sequence effect
This is a nice piece from my colleague David Werring showing how much we appreciate Miller Fisher at Queen Square โฆ
@a_charidimou
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@UCLIoN
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Samuel Kinnier Wilson teaching in out patients at Queen Square-the founder of Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry- the first physician at the hospital to take a special interest in the basal ganglia
@JNNP_BMJ
@MDCP_Journal
@MDC_IoN_UCL
@PracticalNeurol
@The_BNPA
As far as clinical medicine is concerned I refuse to regard anecdotal evidence as lowly or suspect.
It is easy to learn the few Level 1 guidelines but to acquire clinical judgement and act on uncertainty requires nous, experience and a love of people.
@JNNP_BMJ
@PracticalNeurol
I find most neurology residents bright as buttons, sharp as knives and keen to receive more clinical instruction. The problem stems from the increasing distance between some Departmental chairmen and the bedside and the fact many place a very low priority on excellent teaching.
Three weeks ago i saw a 68 year old man with what i thought was a late onset tremor who had been told he had Parkinsons disease purely on the DAT scan report . There was no bradykinesia, repeat DAT which I felt forced to order was normal. Enormous damage to repair.
A feeling of trembling inside has many causes including anxiety and caffeine but it is very common in Parkinsonโs disease occurring in some people years before bradykinesia, rigidity or rest tremor. An anxious stare, increased perspiration, motor impatience and panic attacks too
Watch the patient enter the room and walk towards the chair, look at her face,clothes and jewellry, look at the nails and smell the breath.
None of this possible with telemedicine
One thing that has got worse in hospital medicine is that physicians are less interested in the identities of their patients.
I try to pick up on the casual asides during a consultation that help me understand what makes patients tick and why they are able to go on.
My own bias would be for a clinical academic in neurology to spend half the week on patient care and the rest on teaching, clinical research and administration but many now spend less than 10 per cent of their week with patients. Leave the basic science to the professionals
This year's advice for young neurologists. Never follow the money.The neurological literature began before the new millenium. Modesty and decency are still qualities to be cultivated.
@PracticalNeurol
@UCLIoN
@acmedsci
This year's advice for old neurologists.Don't bore your colleagues with anecdotes about an imaginary golden age, instead tell them about your worst mistakes. Curb your growing brashness in meetings. Don't try to start all over or envy youth.
@PracticalNeurol
@UCLIoN
@acmedsci
Never forget who tore down the bronze statue of the man who created neurology in 1942. How could they do such a thing like that?
Which is worse re-writing history or forgetting it?
"Johnny's in the basement mixing up the medicine".
I'm putting this out again for those who might be interested showing my longstanding scepticsm to the notion of abnormal alpha synuclein aggregation as the cause of Parkinson's disease
@AlbertoEspay
An essay on the shaking palsy
Personalised medicine has been there from the start and was diminished when vested interests hijacked EBM and guideliners stopped doctors thinking for themselves
No clinician can be imprecise.We are โ deep phenotypersโ trained in the art of healing.
Rub out the slogans.
This is so important and yet so little time is given to its study by contemporary Parkinson disease researchers. It challenges the notion of irreversible degenerative deterioration.
#emotionallocomotorsystem
@purposeful_pd
@basbloem
To optimise finger tapping as a useful test in the diagnosis of Parkinsonโs disease it is essential to perform it for precisely 20 seconds with each hand and ask the patient to sequentially touch each of the four fingers onto the thumb
Soulful neurology embraces the subjective, the qualitative and the biographical -the essence of a human being.
Get rid of 90% of clinical scales a money making racket and record what you hear and see
I have found that the academics who talk about personalised medicine never mention individual people, only big data, artificial intelligence and algorithms. I wish they would stop it and accept it is impersonalised medicine
This is important, common and underecognised by neurologists. It can take different forms including feeling ill, symptoms worsening without explanation, brain fog and even momentary unrousability when sitting
33 years after our 1st joint paper, my mentor & friend Gert van Dijk (now retired) and I published new article together.
Highly relevant: hypotensive โtwilight zoneโ, often missed in persons with
#Parkinson
. Timely recognition is important: it is debilitating & treatable.
A hospitalโs atmosphere markedly influences the healing process.
I have found that in London small old National Health Service hospitals are the most therapeutic and glossy new American owned factory clinics the least
@SalleyVickers
@ProfRayTallis
When we were trying to get people to believe in dopamine dysregulation in 2000 I remembered Dr Gooddy's words he had learned from Walshe about the 3 stages of medical discovery; first its not true, second its not important and finally it was known all the time.
#MentoredbyaMadman
The pleasure that comes from diagnosing a treatable disorder that has been missed is the neurologist's nearest equivalent to scoring a goal but it must be kept to oneself.Humility is an English doctor's favourite form of vanity.
#BrainspottingAdventuresinneurology
@georgependle
A neurologist makes the lame walk and the blind see awakens the comatose, abolishes the shakes and vanquishes the Sacred Disease. Then like a good copper he leaves without a fuss. No neurobollocks.
Psychiatry has plenty to teach neurologists. There have always been a few of us at Queen Square who feel a year of neuropsychiatric training would be of incalculable benefit
@Tim_R_Nicholson
@a_schrag
@The_BNPA
I was inspired by Meige and Feindelโs monograph . Like them
I covered tics and those poorly characterised neglected movement disorders on the edgelands of neurology. The book has hardly dated. How I would like to add
Tic like movements on social media. โฆ
@ChristosGanos
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What continues to give me hope is not just kinesia paradoxica but those miraculous whole days where people with Parkinsonโs disease lose all their stiffness, viscosity and shakiness and inexplicably return to how they once were before the malady emerged
I've just read a paper that used 31 acronyms 162 times. Although each acronym was defined on first use it was impossible for me to remember the meaning of each and at the same time follow the gist of the text. Suggest a maximum of 5 per article?
@Brain1878
@TheLancetNeuro