The ABC of Emergency Medicine.
A is for Aorta
You should always think aorta. Aortic dissection can present atypically. It can present painlessly. It can present 6 months after you've seen the patient. Probably safer just to scan everyone.
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#267
: there will be one letter on the patient's electronic record which makes everything clear which, despite spending over an hour going through everything you will not find but which will be the first thing the consultant you discuss with clicks on.
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#114
: If you think now is a bad time to have a discussion about end of life decisions you won't believe how much worse it will be in about two hours.
Your first intubation attempt failed. You have to bag the patient back up before you go to plan B.
This is what your patient should look like...
It's far easier to bag when you've double-barreled their nose and placed an OPA.
#emergency
#emergencymedicine
#foam
#foamed
…
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#135
: in the frail elderly patient if 'septic shock' is on your differential diagnosis list 'natural dying at the end of life' should also be on there.
Interesting timing of this story from the Daily Mail, isn't it?
All about the greedy, angry millionaire doctor.
Except there's a little more to it then that...
1/6
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#71
: clinical seniority - the point when people say you are 'always calm' but you can't figure out if it's because you've reached an acceptable level of mastery or just run out of shits to give.
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#15
: if you write a clinical guideline that promises the services of a given speciality and fail to inform the said speciality of this you may precipitate a 'situation'.
Slightly weary of people saying "can you come and teach on this - you're on a day off".
Firstly, it's a day off.
Secondly unless you want part of the lecture to be on "Octonauts: Which Gup is Best?" I'm not certain you'd want me and my three year old there.
T is for The Sepsis.
The Sepsis is a syndrome caused by a co-infection between a pathogen (usually bacterial) and a marketing campaign. It manifests as Systemic Inflammatory Response in the patient as Systemic Audit Response in the organisation.
N is for nalaxone.
The correct dose titration for naloxone is to produce a patient response where breathing is adequate but punching is weak or absent.
What's it's like doing Emergency Medicine:
Imagine you are in an ALS station, and the patient arrests. You are oddly happy because you think: 'Oh, I know what to do with this'. However you don't get the patient back and then someone points out you discharged them yesterday.
Medical advice please
@DrSelvarajah
- my four year old boy has started eating electrical supply cords. My wife thinks we should ground him but can you suggest another way to make him conduct himself better?
Thoughts today on things we write on ReSPECT/DNACPR forms that are less useful than we think (but thank you so much for caring enough to write one!) - from the viewpoint of someone who tended to read them at about 1am.
1/n
Then campaign to improve the pay of the 11% of doctors on the starting salaries (though they're receiving training in these grades, & they'll soon move up and get much better paid).
But don't strike.
Because we might then discover that consultants are better at the job than you..
The Zen of ED:
"other specialities think you are too incompetent to know where an unwell patient should be placed, but so competent that leaving the same patient under your care for an additional four hours is the best way to heal them"
G is for General Practice.
Everyone gets discharge letters to General Practice wrong. You need to both write 'GP to kindly' in front of what you want them to do AND tuck a couple of sweets from a Celebrations tub into the envelope. Sorted.
I know for a fact I'm not the President of anything.
But I'm just saying if I was RCGP President and had a social media presence I might want to be saying something about the GP contract stuff that is going on?
"They can go to their local Accident and Emergency Ward to get help"
@VictoriaAtkins
- it's not a ward, I have no ability to treat the underlying cause of dental pain and if you paid any attention you'd know we prefer 'Emergency Department'.
But never mind....
ITV News has spoken to a patient who was in so much pain she pulled out 12 of her own teeth with pliers because she couldn't get an NHS dentist.
'Somebody in that amount of pain must always remember that if they need to they can go to their local A&E,' the health secretary says
So after giving the overnight reg a specific 'this is when to call me and feel free to call me' brief when he rang about a paediatric case I..... immediately hung the phone up on him because my sleep addled brain had decided I was snoozing my alarm clock.
Used the new BMA modeller to precisely calculate what I'll get with the new Consultant contract on offer.
Gotta say: couldn't have done the maths without it.
The thing is: all these facts are easily findable - but the Daily Mail has (without stating it explicitly) made it appear as if she's a rich medical doctor. So the journalist either can't do basic research, or is happy to frame things in this way. They even use "top doctor"!
4/6
C is for CT scan.
If you think the patient might need a CT, or another speciality thinks they might need a CT scan at some point in their hospital stay, or if you think that someone else might think they need one at some point to get it ordered and done as quickly as possibly.
Final thought directed at
@ResusCouncilUK
- you currently recommend discussions regarding CPR don't need to be had unless patient approaching EOL or likely to suffer an arrest.
I think a better standard would be discussions to be had whenever CPR likely to be futile.
7/n
Since becoming a Consultant < 2 years ago I have now seen two conditions that have (according to literature searches) occurred 2x only in medical history.
Which suggests either:
1. I'm very unlucky
2. Not enough case reports of rare conditions get done....
H stands for Hs and Ts.
Hs are:
Hypoxia
Harmander
Harmeleon
Harizard
Ts are:
Tension
Throbbing
Tickling
and people can only remember 7 out of 8 at any point.
I remember being an F1 and finding out that one of the surgical consultants had been having an affair.
I look back on that now and wonder: "where did they find time?!"
I is for lab Investigations
Investigations are very important and come in three categories
-the ones which you give antibiotics for if they are displayed in red
-the ones which you give fluids for if they are in red
-the ones you give a blood transfusion for if they are in red
P is for Panic Attack.
This is a great diagnosis because you can get it to explain any possible constellation of symptoms you like as well as stigmatising the patient. You may not need to refer to medicine.
X is for X-ray.
It is important when requesting an x-ray, or any imaging to put the smallest amount of info that will get it performed.
Radiologists love this so much that they play a game at Christmas where they try and guess the clinical history from three slices of a CT.
D is for disability.
This is probably important. Refer to neurology. They deal with brains.
Also do the GCS or something. Then ring anaesthetics if the number is less than 9. Or possibly equal to or less than 9. No one is sure.
And refer to medicine.
To my colleague from a surgical speciality that shall remain nameless: yes, the EM Consultant is still in the department at 1am.
No there aren't any medical beds I can admit the patient to for analgesia.
The fact you were genuinely surprised at these facts pacified me greatly..
E is for eFAST.
Some people think this stands for 'extended focussed assessment using sonography in trauma'.
It can't stand for this because FAST is clearly an acronym for 'Random Ultrasound Investigation That You Think Will Answer Your Question Done Really Quickly'.
Positive medical stereotypes 🧵
Dermatology: if it's wet, dry it. If it's dry, wet it.
If it doesn't respond to that deploy some mind bendingly complicated array of immune modulating drugs that no one else can spell.
Thought of the day: why _do_ we get moved around so much in training?
I could have completed all of my ACCS training in a single hospital and probably my ST4 year. Then switched to another hospital for ST5/ST6 and it would have been much the same. 1/2
M is for medicine (general internal)
General Internal Medicine is a broad speciality which looks after a range of conditions which other specialities are bored of. Refer to medicine.
A doctor asked me for a reference for a job at 16:10 on Friday when I was just starting out on the 15-2300 shift and e-mailed me at 09:10 on Monday morning to ask me if I'd done it yet.
Incredibly, he's still alive.
Loving the suggestion from some that the Nightingale Hospitals could be reopened to let ambulances drop off patients instead of waiting for offloading in ED.
After offloading there they'll then later need transfer to an actual hospital with staff. Presumably via ambulance.
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#134
: the atrial fibrillation at 120 is probably not causing the hypotension, but the blood pressure at 90 _is_ probably causing the tachycardia.
Also see: "when not to beta blockade"
A "good department" in the morning where I currently work used to mean we'd switched off the lights in minors, paeds and resus; everyone had come together in majors and we'd even spent some time doing audit or coding.
Our current crop of docs find this hard to believe.
I'm an A&E consultant and I'm tired after a weekend of nights.
But this am, I've handed over what I described as a "good department". This was said genuinely and with no hint of irony.
We provided great care and have very short waits to see an A&E doctor, but I'd forgotten how…
You do wonder: if a judge in court has actually found that you've been lied repeatedly are you going to end up in front of the GMC?
The answer here - no.
Because Dr Paes is a public health researcher and not a medical doctor.
You can check the GMC register easily enough.
2/6
The other thing is: having previously complained about Daily Mail coverage which I thought was inaccurate they are usually careful enough not to publish something absolutely false. Just twisted enough to create the impression they want.
5/6
J is for Joint Care.
This is where two specialities agree they both should look after a patient, just not on their ward.
Sadly this form of joint care doesn't respond to cod liver oil and costochondroitin.
The basic underlying problem with all NHS medical staffing is you need a lot of people to do all the work the consultants don't do, but you don't have the resources to let all those people go on to become consultants.
CPR is not a treatment for
#ordinarydying
. Every instance of futile CPR - which is what will happen if nobody has sorted out the protection of a DNACPR for someone whose life is coming to an end - is a tragedy. Please, doctors, nurses, patients, families -
#havetheconversation
.
Or you can Google for her list of publications. Without wishing to assume too much the millionaire status is more likely to come from her "finance boss" husband (unless research has started paying much, much better then it used to - but maybe she is unusually successful!)
3/6
Ooh it's mini changeover time isn't.
Have a mini tip for new EM doctors:
If your patient cannot eat, walk or survive without supplemental oxygen and they normally do these things you're probably not going to be discharging them.
Q is for Q Fever
If you write 'Q Fever' in your differential diagnosis everytime you see a patient with a fever on the one occasion you are right you will look like a genius.
See also: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Lupus
Dear doctors in my own speciality,
I don't blame radiology if they hate us. Write more in the clinical details box and check what you've written. The low points on this admin shift so far have been "? cough" and the positively cryptic "Pissed HF".
V is for Venous Access.
This requires you to build a spaceship capable of flying about 120 million miles and landing on a rocky planet with a dense atmosphere.
Or at least that is the way it feels sometimes at 2am with a patient with no veins.
Clearly the way to increase your Twitter reach is to post an opinion that pretty much everyone will disagree with then double down hard.
You should use local anesthetic 50% of the time you do ABGs. Randomly.
Here's my
#TipsForNewDocs
When you are making a referral tell the person what you want from them, and justify why they should give it to you.
Be aware of the psychology of the person you are referring to and also what specialities need/want for a referral.
1/n
In my e-mail today: college wants a chairperson for the sustainable working practices committee.
It's an unpaid role which doesn't get you any time off work to do it.
@_PhilWhite
Let's face it: as a part time consultant in a DGH with a small child and a mild video game addiction this probably _is_ the highlight of my career.
O is for oxygen.
Oxygen is a molecule which is delivered via nasal cannula or a mask. Because we are running out of it some people like to try and collect as much of it as possible by taking ABGs and getting the machine to recycle it.
When I was starting at SHO level I loved the diagnosis of sepsis.
If they hit a few physiological parameters, write up IV antibiotics and IV fluids, refer on to the medical team.
So simple.
However medicine is not simple and simplistic responses to complex problems cause harm.
Night registrar off sick with Covid. Late consultant (me) still recovering from Covid so able to stay another two hours before bailing and leaving the poor on call consultant to it.
This living with covid strategy not going great from a healthcare perspective.
Trial suggestion: head injured patients at a small DGH with CT findings needing observation for 24-72 hours but otherwise GCS15 and well.
Usual care: admit.
Trial arm: discharge with instructions if concerns to represent but to the big centre that actually has neurosurgery.
What do you want for Christmas
#MedTwitter
?
All I want is a phone that connects me to two specialities at the same time. I explain the problem with the patient to them both then politely put the phone down so they can decide which one takes the patient.
A very sensible approach.
I'd just add that I increasingly feel that the mislabelling (and overtreatment) of the frail elderly coming to the end of their life as 'sepsis' is one of the worst things about modern medicine.
I never use the word 'sepsis' in my diagnostic formulations.
So I would get null points in this study.
Why don't I use the word?
Because 'sepsis' is defined as infection with organ dysfunction. It is woolly and esp unhelpful when it comes to determining treatment.
1/
Someone collapsed in The Queue but they gave them a nice hot drink and they were fine. That's the opposite of what I thought would happen if you had a long queue tea.
Rule of Emergency Medicine
#25
: the amount of time, effort and energy you expend to avoid actually seeing the patient is likely less than the amount people will expend to get you to see the patient, and also the amount would have expended just to see them in the first place.
Thankfully my briefing included that I wasn't the best at waking up to phone calls so I think he took three calming breaths, adopted his most tolerant tone of voice and rang me back again.
K is for ketone.
This is the particular timbre and character that occurs when you press a note on the piano. Sadly people keep writing it wrongly as ketone so we get very confused.
Should you/would you put a DATIX in for CPR done on:
-a patient with a DNACPR/ReSPECT that was misplaced?
-an frail, elderly septic inpatient not for ITU?
-a previously stable but frail, demented nursing home resident?
Why can't I see how many WPBAs consultants and registrars are filling out within my department easily?
I've asked the ePortfolio team at
@RCollEM
who have kindly forwarded it to the management team to consider it.
Who else would be interested in something like this?
@Dr_DeanS
I'd go further then this and say it's not even our job to try and persuade a person with capacity to stay. It's our job to ensure they have the information about any potential risks and then they can make up their own mind.
Learning point of the day to juniors: if someone has just started on three different chemo agents and neither you nor I have even heard of two of them it is 100% OK to ring haematology.
I really, really dislike this one because it suggests to me either that CPR wasn't properly explained, or that instead of fully resolving this issue with the family it's just been left for some poor soul to try and manage it with less resources at a time of crisis.
6/n
"Not for admission to hospital."
Which is always a bit perplexing when they turn up in hospital and you have to figure out why.
How about "For admission to hospital in case of failure of symptom control or family coping mechanisms at home."
2/n
The SI unit of time on UK
#MedTwitter
is the
#FlemingInterval
This is the length of time between someone posting the phrase "consultants, juniors and GPs" and
@RobJimFleming
appearing to politely but firmly remind us of the existence of SAS doctors.
Still find it bizarre to find myself referred to as 'Consultant' in e-mails and letters.
At least I've stopped with the phone blurb 'Hi it's Andrew, one of the ED registrarsnoshitwaitconsultant.