This month, we are featuring a small collection of articles looking at the impact of the gut microbiome on responses to immunotherapy. The cover art depicts a purple ribbon made of the different microbes that can be found in the gut microbiome. Cover art by Naola Leconte.
Our first three articles are now accessible online and you are the first to read them. We can't wait to share more thought-provoking translational and clinical research with you!
Here it is! Issue
#1
is online! Join
@CellRepMed
community where translational and clinical scientists interact and inspire each other to profoundly impact our health and the diseases that threaten it.
#AdipoAtlas
: A reference lipidome of human white adipose tissue through analyses of lipid compositions in lean and obese states for subcutaneous and visceral depots. Authors identify several key events of lipidome remodeling in obesity.
@FedorovaLab
@MikeLangePHD
.
A complete map of
#SARSCoV2
mutations that escape binding by the LY-CoV555 Ab & cocktail with LY-CoV016. Maps highlight high-frequency mutations that may affect LY-CoV555 efficacy & enable interpretation of future effects on this Ab.
@tylernstarr
@jbloom_lab
@fredhutch
@HHMINEWS
94% of Healthcare workers vaccinated with
#SputnikV
#Vaccine
showed fast antibody responses to
#SARSCOV2
after one dose, and there is no evident benefit of using a second dose in previously infected individuals. A clinical study by Andres Rossi, Diego Ojeda et al.
@GamarnikLab
Researchers gain insights into crosstalk between
#Cancer
and immune cells during
#melanoma
#immunotherapy
. Complex phenotype of tumor immune infiltrates combined with genomic features of tumor cells are relevant for determining clinical outcomes.
.
@BrodinPetter
lab present a systems-level, longitudinal study of 37
#COVID19
patients monitored from acute to recovery phases. They identify cell-protein dependencies & co-regulated features, as well as a shared immunological trajectory during recovery from severe COVID19.
Researchers compare early-life infant gut microbiota by delivery mode. Results suggest early colonization by Bacteroides regardless of delivery mode, but loss of Bacteroides by 2 weeks in C-section-delivered infants, whether or not exposed to the vagina in labor.
@MoranYassour
Researchers demonstrate in nonhuman primates that mucosal respiratory delivery of BCG or MTBVAC induces trained
#immunity
more efficiently compared to standard intradermal vaccination.
#tuberculosis
@bprc_eu
Researchers show that pulmonary immunization with the MTBVAC confers a local mucosal antigen-specific signature that has been previously associated with protection from
#tuberculosis
infection and disease in rhesus macaques.
@bprc_eu
Taking a break from the news to highlight some cool biology! Shi et al use human
#iPSC
-derived brain
#organoids
to model the impact of congenital
#HCMV
on brain development
Researchers from
@bertoletti_lab
demonstrate that HDV co-infection boosts HBV epitope presentation on HBV/HDV and mono HBV infected hepatocytes. Anti-HBV efficacy of T cells engineered with T cell receptors is enhanced by HDV.
#Hepatitis
#Immunology
Welcome to the final issue of Cell Reports Medicine for 2020! We hope you enjoy the diverse collection of
#translationalresearch
and
#clinicalresearch
we offer this month. Have a merry, healthy, and bright holiday season!
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
#clinicaltrial
, Hagemann,
@Filip_Knop
and colleagues from
@HerlevGentofte
and
@UCPH_health
demonstrate that exogenous LEAP2 reduces postprandial glucose excursions and food intake in healthy men.
Now
@ImmunityCP
:
@EOSaphire
and
@SetteLab
present a Perspective discussing approaches for vaccine development against
#SARSCoV2
variants & other viruses. Eliciting both humoral and cellular responses could provide the best chance to defend against the next pandemic.
A systems biology approach identifies alterations in cholesterol & bile acid metabolism in
#Alzheimer
's disease. Expression of alternative bile acid & neural cholesterol clearance pathway + transporters of taurine & bile acids suggests gut-brain axis plays role in AD.
#Neurology
Read the Q&A of our Editor-in-Chief
@DrSaraHam
, sharing her vision and excitement of bringing together scientists and clinicians to foster deeper engagement between these communities and to strengthen the growth and development of both ends of the research spectrum.
Now
@ImmunityCP
: How chronic tissue inflammation results in insulin resistance & impaired secretion, glucose intolerance & T2DM. Authors discuss inflammation's impact, current therapeutic options to treat metabolic disease, and the potential of immune-modulatory approaches.
Viral infection can lead to
#diabetes
: infection of pancreatic beta cells with the enterovirus
#coxsackievirus
B type 4 in mice led to DNMT1-mediated Pdx1 silencing, and subsequently to a MODY4-like diabetes.
Overgaard,
@DanielJDrucker
and colleagues analyze oral vs. parenteral routes of administration of semaglutide and found that circulating levels of this
#GLP1
receptor agonists predict outcomes in people with type 2
#diabetes
In this challenging time we are thankful to our authors, advisers, readers, editors, and the whole team for their love and devotion to science! We're 2 hours away from publishing our first issue and that wouldn't have been possible without the efforts of a great community! π
Researchers studied
#cysticfibrosis
lung transplant pts. They report that Pseudomonas-infected allograft airway cells demonstrate suppression of interferon genes and increases in alpha-diversity & mucoid forms; differential DNA methylation might contribute to this phenotype.
Researchers determine how drug transporters affect the efficacy of docetaxel against several intracranial tumor models with various levels of BBB integrity and show that ABC transporters can restrict drug efficacy even when tumor vessels are leaky.
@NKI_nl
#drugdiscovery
Now
@cellhostmicrobe
: In a randomized intervention trial of extremely preterm & very low birth weight infants, researchers show that a multi-strain mix accelerated microbiome maturation to resemble that of full-term infants & improved metabolic and immune parameters.
@ArrietaLab
Researchers present an automated system that comprises organoid fabrication, manipulation, and drug evaluation functions in sequence, aiming to fulfill the personalized medicine goal of 1-week high-throughput screening for cancer patients.
#oncology
#PrecisionMedicine
We are publishing our first papers today! They will be available online just in a few hours at . Another milestone reached in a difficult times. Let's share the little joys of life!
Our December issue is here! On the cover: Artificial intelligence has transformed research and is poised to do the same for clinical care. To reflect the contribution and impact of AI on science, we present a special issue on AI in medicine. Cover art by Kip Lyall.
Ma et al.
@WhiteheadInst
combine Ξ² cell specific expression of a model antigen CD19 and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells to understand T-cell mediated immune impact on human pancreatic Ξ² cells
#StemCells
#RegenerativeMedicine
Researchers demonstrate that IL-22 can attenuate intestinal inflammation by promoting epithelial regeneration in a neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis.
#NEC
@mistygoodlab
@WUSTLmed
KRAS, an oncogenic driver in
#lungcancer
, is known as an βundruggableβ target. Different strategies are under investigation to indirectly and directly target KRAS
Clinical trials of small-molecule inhibitors report promising interim results.
@DanaFarber
@cityofhope
On the cover: Immune cells attacking tumor cells. This issue contains several papers that provide insight into the tumor immune microenvironment and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cover credit: Meletios
In this article Marinaik et al. provide insights into vaccine-induced multifaceted mucosal T cell immunity with implications in the development of vaccines against
#RespiratoryPathogens
#RespiratoryImmunity
Researchers id peripheral blood transcriptional profiles associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 pts. SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages in lung express high levels of CXCL10
@tonyrcillo
@KitsiosMd
@BcellBruno
@Vignali_Lab
Kaufman et al. report pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic & safety data from a phase 1 multiple, ascending dose study in T2DM of AKR-001, an Fc-FGF21 analog. AKR-001 exhibits positive trends in various metabolic markers.
#diabetes
@akerotx
Now
@cellhostmicrobe
: Researchers review how the knowledge of diet-microbiome-host interactions can validate, refine, and innovate dietary guidelines. They advocate for the systematic integration of microbiome science into nutrition research to further improve healthy eating.
Now
@Cell_Metabolism
: researchers "review the cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the link between excess adiposity and type 2 diabetes and the therapeutic metabolic effects of weight (fat) loss."
Co-blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 increases benefits of
#cancer
#immunotherapy
but also toxicity. Researchers constructed a bispecific DART molecule to deliver safer and potentially more effective co-blockade by targeting CTLA-4 inhibition to tumors.
Researchers use strain-resolved metagenomics to characterize preterm & full-term infant gut-microbiome succession during the first year of life.
@ClareLou9
@BanfieldLab
Researchers provide data on antibody response against
#SARSCoV2
after heterologous vaccine schemes, including non-replicating adenovirus, mRNA and inactivated vaccines. Many heterologous combinations are equivalent or superior to homologous schemes.
Researchers report decline of Fc-dependent antibody functions against
#SARSCoV2
spike in
#Covid_19
convalescent pts up to 149 days post-infection. Unlike neutralization activity, plasma ADCC and ADP responses sustained in the majority of subjects.
@TheDohertyInst
@UniMelbMDHS
The new issue is now online! The cover image shows retinal fundus photographs collected from real-world settings flow into an intelligent image sorting system. This system can be implemented from model development to real-world application of medical artificial intelligence.
On this month's cover: in 17 people with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic endoderm cells in an investigational subcutaneous device (VC-02) achieved engraftment and insulin expression in 63% of units at 3β12 months post-implant.
@UAlberta
@AlbertaDiabetes
Researchers analyze response of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) to chemotherapy in 3D organotypic tumor slices by single-cell RNA-seq. They find 2 subtypes of CRLM that express different immune checkpoint ligands and respond differently to chemotherapy.
#coloncancer
@UWSurgery
Researchers show that the protective live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine stimulates early B and T cell responses to promote durable memory and neutralizing antibodies.
@SeanDiehl2
@uvmcmb
#vaccine
#Immunology
As scientists and physicians, we all trained. But how many of us did so through a global pandemic? We present 11 voices from current trainees who reflect on how the pandemic altered their research, practice, and learning and, in the process, changed them.
Congratulations to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna on their well-deserved
#NobelPrize2020
in
#Chemistry
βfor the development of a method for genome editingβ and for being an inspiration to young female scientists around the world!
#GenomeEditing
βMy wish is that this will provide a positive message to the young girls who would like to follow the path of science, and to show them that women in science can also have an impact through the research that they are performing.β
- 2020 Chemistry Laureate Emmanuelle Charpentier.
Researchers identify altered NF-ΞΊB signaling with aging in the transcriptional profiles of vaccine-induced circulating Tfh responses after influenza vaccine and demonstrate the use of these cells as cellular biosensors of the underlying immune state.
@RaminHerati
@EJohnWherry
In a phase-I HIV vaccine trial, Basu et al. show a robust response of HIV Env gp120-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts immediately after vaccination
@KobieJ50
Now
@Cancer_Cell
: An immunotherapy strategy using CAR-T cells for leukemia by increasing binding avidity on both sides of the synapse through pharmacologic enhancement of tumor antigen density with azacitidine and via hinge modification on the T cell.
@MarcelaMaus
@Mark_Leick
Researchers from
@SanRaffaeleMI
apply
#MachineLearning
to transcriptional profiles of peripheral immune cells from ~ 300 pts with
#MultipleSclerosis
and healthy controls. Models display high accuracy on the independent test set and identify disease state and stage.
The new issue is now online! The image depicts a child picking hematopoietic stem cell flowers from their RNA stems to assemble a bouquet that symbolizes RNA splicing. Broken stems signify the aberrant splicing patterns in leukemia stem cells which are targeted by Rebecsinib bees
.
@Virusnerdette
spotlights recent research in
@cellhostmicrobe
β laboratory mice exposed to pathogens from pet-store mice exhibit impaired humoral immunity to influenza vaccination and display gene expression signatures that more authentically reflect human vaccine responses.
Crowdsourcing to develop methods to predict gestational age and preterm birth from longitudinal multi-omics data. Blood RNAs predict ultrasound-based gestational age, and molecular changes precede the diagnosis of spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women.
@AdiTarca
Looking back at our first year: published 115 original research articles and reviews of authors from 48 countries, downloaded 568k times from 202 countries. We thank all of you who drive science forward - researchers, authors, advisory board members, reviewers, and readers π