Plants have microtubules and their phototropism is inhibited by anesthesia.
They probably have ten conscious moments per minute. We have 10,000,000 per second.
Do plants have minds? Can we see past our soul-blindness to recognise plant minds?
In the 1840s, the iconoclastic scientist Gustav Fechner made an inspired case for taking seriously the interior lives of plants (via
@aeonmag
)
Absurd. Dave says we don’t know how the brain produces consciousness, therefore AI will definitely be conscious.
He can’t be serious. The brain’s not just a machine Dave, it’s 1) alive, 2) hierarchically fractal, 3) quantum, 4) dependent on microtubules acting as time crystals.
David Chalmers says it is possible for an AI system to be conscious because the brain itself is a machine that produces consciousness, so we know this is possible in principle
Study Supports Quantum Basis of Consciousness in the Brain
A recent study has provided experimental evidence supporting the idea that consciousness may have a quantum basis.
Researchers found that when rats were given a drug binding to microtubules, they took longer to fall
Indian knowledge systems such as the
5 Koshas or 7th body systems match the scale invariant hierarchy in microtubules discovered by Bandyopadhyay and adopted by Orch OR theory
🔨
With good friends and colleagues on my last day in anesthesiology. They gave me a ‘crown’ which says ‘ The legend has retired’. Thanks guys! I’ll miss all of them and the operating rooms but moving on to Astrobiology after TSC conference
Anirban Bandyopadhyay demoing his DDG detecting megahertz and gigahertz buried in EEG. In his lab at NIMS in Tsukuba Japan. We need a revolution in neuroscience!
🔨video by
@starheart108
Hide Saegusa
Quantum states at biological temperatures shown theoretically and experimentally in microtubules due to tryptophan ‘super-radiance’. This is sufficient condition for Orch OR theory of consciousness. Let’s test with anesthesia, psychedelics!
More evidence that 1) anesthesia acts on, and 2) consciousness comes from microtubules.
The microtubule stabilizer drug epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats.
Congrats to MC Wiest and Wellesley team!
Is your brain a computer? Or a quantum orchestra?
12 orders in frequency in microtubule vibrations inside each pyramidal neuron, with self similar patterns in hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz discovered by
Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Any conscious experience is collapse to a specific configuration of Planck scale spacetime geometry( or even lower scale if you prefer). Here’s a red rose in 3 spacetime curvatures, would actually be a lot more, nonlocal etc.
What specific conscious experience can be explained by the Orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR) theory of conscious experiences? The taste of mint? The smell of garlic? The sound of middle C on a piano? The feeling of a headache? None so far.
The great American Philosopher Dan Dennett died today at age 82. I first met him, and began arguing with him in 1992. We disagreed on consciousness, evolution etc., but I had enormous respect for his intellect. He was a worthy opponent and a good man.
R.I.P. Dan. I’ll miss you.
Memory is encoded in microtubules!
Synaptic plasticity proteins recycle over hours to days, yet memories can last lifetimes. Each of 10 to the 9th tubulins per neuron can have 30 different states. Microtubules fall apart in Alzheimer’s
🔨
Consciousness: that which
Goes away with anesthesia and returns when anesthesia removed.
Anesthesia blocks quantum superposition necessary for ‘objective reduction’ OR’ which directly results in consciousness.
@StuartHameroff
Interestingly some very accomplished healers who work intuitively have defined 12 successive layers of the being/body that they work on. Wonder if these correlate somehow.
No, the brain is a quantum orchestra with 12 orders of frequency in microtubules inside neurons acting collectively.
In Alzheimer’s microtubules fall apart, neurons, brain shrink.
Instead of attacking the stupid amyloid plaques, treat the microtubules!
The physicality of the brain becomes startlingly obvious upon inspection: it is a biological computer.
Our brains shrinks over time as we age and when you see the brain of someone with severe dementia, the damage is not subtle. What is surprising is that it functions at all.
Best ever reveal on Twitter?
Top: megahertz probe against awake rat head. Activity between 6 and 26 MHz Bottom: rat breathing 5% sevoflurane anesthetic. Megahertz flatline. MHz from microtubules most likely NCC
@anirbanbandyo
@starheart108
Emma Louis
Consciousness came before life. That’s why life started, to access and optimize pleasure. We will be studying and testing the question as described in this article at the new Arizona AstroBiology Center with Dante Lauretta and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Which came first, life or consciousness?
We say consciousness. Life’s origin and evolution needed feelings.
Thanks to , Closer to Truth and
How-the-light-gets-in festival in Hay-on-Wye in Wales May 24-27 where we’ll debate
After 30 years of bashing Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR, Christof Koch has suddenly discovered that it was Christof himself who discovered quantum consciousness in microtubules, with help from Roger Penrose.
@AllenInstitute
@davidchalmers42
Here we go. Ultrasound to resonate microtubules, maybe open BBB for paclitaxel? Patients on paclitaxel require more anesthesia because access to microtubule sites blocked. Hooray!!!
Stop beating dead horses (amyloid plaques) and treat the microtubules!!
Announcing 32nd Annual The Science of Consciousness
July 6-11, 2025, Barcelona, Spain
(in cooperation with the Festival of Consciousness, Barcelona July 11-13)
More soon.
Gaudi’s Brain (ChatGPT/Xavi Ginesta)
US Naval Warfare has released a report on ‘Biological Brain Microtubules Interfaced with Semiconductor Qubits’
References from Anirban group, me, Roger, Travis, Jack, Jiri Pokorny, Jan Pokorny, Michael Cifra, Aarat Kalra.
Sadly, Jiri passed away recently
So no evidence for quantum consciousness….?
1) anesthetics selectively block consciousness exclusively by quantum van der Waals forces
2) double slit experiment
3) anesthetics block quantum TFL in microtubules
4)
Here’s an image from Anirban’s book: Emotion, Cognition and Silent Communication: Unsolved Mysteries. It shows where kilohertz (green), megahertz (blue), gigahertz (red) are emitted from body.
Are plants sentient? I expect that most scientifically educated people would spontaneously say no. But does science know? Plants can learn and interact coherently (= local behaviors are globally aligned) with the world. What if sentience does not require neurons?
Mind didn’t evolve from matter. Mind prompted the origin and evolution of life in matter as a vehicle for mind/consciousness.
Consciousness came first.
@Plinz
@StuartHameroff
I can't see that being a thing, you couldn't measure it or optimise for more of it as GPU outputs are deterministic. Evolution of mind was evolution of matter choosing to move one way or another depending on how it feels. GPUs feel like electrified silicon marching to a clock.
Dear Joscha
‘Serious neuroscientists’ pushing ‘cartoon neurons’ (Koch, Seth, ASSC) are oxymorons. How do they explain unicellular cognition? Paramecium learns, swims, finds mates for sex. Amoeba solve traveling salesman problem. Both can be anesthetized.
I don't understand most of Stuart Hameroff's claims well enough to judge them. The parts about physics and computation that I do understand are unconvincing to me, but that does of course not mean that the parts I don't understand are wrong, too. Even if every argument of
Which came first, consciousness or life?
Most say life, consciousness emerging later. But panpsychists, Eastern approaches and Penrose OR put consciousness first. Did life originate and evolve to optimize quantum pleasure in the primordial soup?
🔨
Top 10 Reasons Neuroscience Needs a Revolution
Number 1
The hard problem
Neuroscience has no answer for qualia. In Penrose OR self collapses of quantum separations in space time geometry emit fundamental qualia. In Orch OR, microtubules orchestrate them into full consciousness
Here’s my talk in London June 6 at 1 pm
at Kings College London/Maudsley Psychiatric on the topic ‘The neuroscience of consciousness is an insult to neurons’
@anilkseth
I give a similar talk in Oxford, June 7
Brief clip from panel on consciousness at Deepak Chopra’s ‘Sages and Scientists’ conference at Harvard. I conclude that anesthesia acts by dampening quantum effects in microtubules.
Slime mold microtubules solve the traveling salesman problem. Must be some feelings (oats taste good!!) to drive purposeful behavior. Yes, slime mold like all organisms must have primitive consciousness at least.
Claude Bernard (1846) showed it’s movement inhibited by anesthesia
@StuartHameroff
I remain skeptical that microtubules must be present for consciousness to be present. Where else in nature are microtubules found can support this theory. Are microtubules found in any other species aside from humans? It seems to reason at best it may interact with consciousness
Way to go!
Anirban has shown the brain has fractal frequencies, a time crystal, not just in EEG hertz, but kilohertz, megahertz. gigahertz and terahertz (coming from microtubules)!
Anirban and I submitted this to
ASSC but were rejected 3 years in a row.
Our third publication on DDG is out. Here it is. The first paper showed comparison between DDG on human and artificial brain, the second was a whole book and now third one. We will have series of publications on DDG. Enjoy reading it
I agree with Deepak. Consciousness preceded life, and caused its origin and evolution. Moreover life is a quantum mechanism, thanks to the quantum underground aromatic pathways. So all actual healing may in fact be quantum.
@DeepakChopra
Sir Roger Penrose ‘objective reduction’
(‘OR’, self-collapse of wavefunction) solves quantum measurement and consciousness. Hartmut Neven and Christof Koch wrongly claim it’s flawed, push ‘many worlds’ and need microtubules for their qubits.
Yes. Single cell Paramecium swim, find food and mates, learn and have sex with microtubule-based cilia. Single cell amoeba can solve the traveling salesman problem by microtubule processes, and are inhibited by anesthesia. No synapses or action potentials. Microtubules.
@StuartHameroff
If they can explain how single cell organisms can function, I’ll give them some credibility. Obvious neurons are not the answer to agency and consciousness.
Contrary to conventional beliefs, it’s likely consciousness/feelings came before life, prompted its origin and driving its evolution. Otherwise why all that purposeful behavior before genes or brains? Life is a vehicle.
This paper nailed Alzheimer’s in 1989:
‘Microtubules: The key to Alzheimer’s.
Forget the amyloid. Treat the microtubules. Try low intensity brain ultrasound to resonate microtubule megahertz vibrations.
"...we may be somehow misunderstanding this most pernicious of afflictions."
What about questioning modern neuroscience's metaphysical assumptions, and seeing where it leads us? For example, by starting here:
It’s more likely that consciousness preceded life and sparked its origin and evolution. You just need a prebiotic mechanism for consciousness, which we have in Penrose OR. Why else all that purposeful behavior? Quantum pleasure in primordial soup.
Here's my conversation with Sara Walker (
@Sara_Imari
), a physicist and astrobiologist. We discuss how life emerged on Earth and in the Universe. She wrote a new book on just this topic, go pre-order it. This was a mind-blowing and super fun conversation.
It's here on X in full,
I think consciousness is fundamental. It’s hard to understand eons of purposeful behavior without feelings as motivation, way before genes or brains. Even then…? How’d we get to have goal setting intelligence without feelings?
@StuartHameroff
@anirbanbandyo
Do you think consciousness is necessarily fundamental, or just the problem-solving/goal-setting intelligence of cells and groups of cells?
Or do we need "50 words for 'consciousness' " now that we are this far along?
Rebranding consciousness as hallucination doesn’t explain anything. With only cartoon neurons in his quiver, it’s difficult to take Anil’s neuroscience seriously. No wonder the neuroscience of consciousness is in the dumpster.
The Science of Consciousness 2024
Plenary, Keynote and Featured Workshops now online free at
Thanks Commotion Studios AV !
Speakers, audience, sponsors.
Everybody! Abi!!!! It was a great week.
The brain is indeed a quantum orchestra, 12 orders of frequency magnitude in microtubules (hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, terahertz). If you go to 100 hertz, you’re only hearing the deep bass, not the symphony. Propofol acts on terahertz quantum vibrations of proteins.
Researchers reveal anesthesia's curtain call on consciousness. Discover how propofol’s silent effect on the brain’s orchestra challenges our understanding of awareness.
1/2
The Science of Consciousness 30 year anniversary conference is underway.
Below
Deepak Chopra leading pre-session meditation and Steven Laureys gives the first Plenary with his son Louis demonstrating consciousness. Yesterday 9 workshops got it rolling.
It’s not impossible. If consciousness is a quantum process with nonlocality, astral projection, entanglement could happen.
When I was young I read books about astral projection by T Lobsang Rampa, a Tibetan monk later revealed to be the pen name of Brit Cyril Hoskin.
Consciousness is low energy, probably last to ‘leave the ship’. End-of-life gamma EEG occurs after heart stops, correlate of NDE? Or consciousness departing for higher frequency scales, nonlocal in spacetime geometry?
@DeepakChopra
Thanks Don.
Orch OR predicts specific configurations of spacetime geometry correspond with specific qualia like the redness of a rose. You’d quibble that it’s deeper than Planck scale, but…. so what? It’s funda-mental. Here’s simplification. Top: IIT. Bottom: Orch OR
A good introduction to the “Orch OR” theory of consciousness. Question: What specific orchestrated collapse must be the taste of mint, and could not be the taste of salt? Orch OR cannot yet predict any specific conscious experience.
Thanks to the Oxford Mathematical Consciousness Science group and Sonia Antorantz Contera from Physics,
I’ll give a talk at Oxford June 7 on:
‘Neuroscience needs a revolution’
NASA studies showed animals detect gravity through microtubules and centrioles which are time crystals (Frank’s specialty). Free will requires non-computable quantum state reduction (Penrose OR). But you need Libet backward time effects.
@FrankWilczek
Quantum optical fluorescence in microtubules dampened by anesthesia
…superradiance in microtubules
Plus quantum time crystal oscillations and entanglement of angular momentum between separated MTs
by
@anirbanbandyo
@StuartHameroff
When we say “MT are quantum structures”, what’s meant by this experimentally?
What’s the falsifiable observable that we look for in experiment to confirm that MT “exhibit quantum behavior”? What do we mean when we say quantum behavior in this context?
Second plenary speaker Claudia Passos talked about infant consciousness. She used backward masking to find recurrent processing indicating consciousness in babies. And a human fetus at 35 weeks gestation can hear and understand conversations!! Careful what you say!
Yes I think all animals and plants are conscious, driving behavior. We can estimate intensity (frequency) and capacity of Orch OR consciouness by number of tubulins.
@StuartHameroff
Since animals, even reptiles, can be anesthesized does that imply that consciousness is ubiquitous in life?
What about insects and birds? Germs?
Does the same frequency hierarchy in MTs exist in other animals?
New (old) friends (old as me!)
the brothers Noble, Biology professors. On my right Raymond Noble (UC London) and on my left Dennis Noble (Oxford). Dennis and I were in a panel debate ‘Darwin vs Consciousness’.
We were both ‘compatibilists’ and I added ‘Consciousness came first’.
Without consciousness,
you’ll never figure out the universe.
We suggest consciousness intrinsic to space time geometry evolves the cosmos constants for fine tuning and the Anthropic principle. Described here
Too bad you don’t think consciousness exists.
Very interesting! My understanding is that classical physics does not account for consciousness in its theories. However eastern philosophy has since time immemorial considered consciousness as an integral part of science. Right?
Two Murchison IOM molecules form dimer which aligns end to end to form filaments which align in parallel in curved cylinder shape. Evolution and life make sense if consciousness fundamental. Thanks
@anirbanbandyo
Philip Kurian et al showed superradiance in microtubule tryptophan from mitochondrial UV. Now they show UV absorption in amyloid is 5 times stronger and suggest it’s protective in Alzheimer’s. Or do they over-absorb, deprive microtubules? Bravo Philip!
Roger Penrose solved the ‘hard problem’ for the universe with ‘objective reduction’. It connects quantum with general relativity to give consciousness as a process in space time geometry. Life came along to access/optimize pleasure.
@skdh
@SmolinLee
The flow of time is a result of quantum state reductions, self-collapses of the wavefunction, also the origin of consciousness. And yes before the Big Bang were previous aeons according to Penrose CCC theory.
Consciousness might evolve between aeons.
The origin of the universe – the Big Bang – is merely the point in time where space emerged from time.”
@leecronin
challenges the block universe idea: time is not an illusion; it is the fundamental aspect of reality.
Question for Anil Seth: How do various theories of consciousness account for psychedelics acting inside neurons, near microtubule-associated proteins?
@anilkseth
@NatureNeuro
@AllenInstitute
I define consciousness as what goes away with general anesthesia and returns when it’s gone.
By that, ants and plants are conscious. Amazingly all animals have the same sensitivity for each gas. At equilibrium the same amount needed for horse, human or insect.
Yes. Consciousness can be measured by
what goes away with anesthesia. The best evidence is that anesthesia acts by dampening quantum oscillations in microtubules (necessary for orchestrated collapse). For example:
@StuartHameroff
consciousness popping out as a consequence of an orchestrated collapse. So far, there's no measurement of consciousness at all so the experiment wouldn't even be approachable if you did set up the right kind of microtubule network.. Am I missing something?
OK. Each neuron has a billion tubulins switching at 10 megahertz for 10^16 ops/sec/neuron for 10^27 ops/sec/brain. But computation doesn’t give you consciousness. Here we showed quantum effects in microtubules at warm temps inhibited by anesthesia.
@StuartHameroff
There are 100Billion neurons + 100Trillion synapses- that is just the structural connections. The functional connectivity patterns likely exceed that. Let’s figure this out pls. Also, the neuroscientists you disparage like Anil Seth actually present data- you are the cartoonist.
Legendary MIT neuroscientist and lead guitar for ‘Pavlov’s Dogz’ Earl K Miller Zoom-rocked the Opening Keynote at TSC 2024. Frontal feedback traveling oscillatory waves best candidates for NCC. Frequency gradients - faster in superficial cortical layers, slowing layers 5 &6.
Rocks are made of protons and electrons etc. OR events occur in rocks but are random, disconnected and proto-conscious ‘noise’. Brain microtubules orchestrate OR events for full, rich consciousnesss.
Hot off the presses at Chaos -
"Evolving higher-order synergies reveals a trade-off between stability and information-integration capacity in complex systems" w/
@DoctorJosh
1/n
We DO have a good theory of consciousness, Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR which has explanatory power, biological grounding, and experimental validation. Chalmers has ignored and suppressed Orch OR but never criticized it, instead touted useless IIT.
"I think it's entirely possible that we're going to have conscious AI within the next decade or two; I think that raises many philosophical and ethical issues that we have to start thinking about now".
@davidchalmers42
on conscious AI with BrainMind.
Closer than any other theory. Orch OR quantum/classical transition or collapse can vary with frequency, and thus maybe different Koshas. Faster than terahertz might be transcendent, or quantum super-radiant. Then non-local.
The deeper you go, the higher you fly.
(Beatles)
@StuartHameroff
According to Eastern philosophy, four of the five Koshas are non-material and survive the death of the physical body (one kosha). The last is even transcendent. Does this really resemble Orc OR theory?
Important new paper from Robert Lawrence Kuhn
He says:
“…consciousness …said to work at astonishingly divergent orders of magnitude and putative realms of reality”
Precisely why we need
microtubule time crystals 😍
@anirbanbandyo
@CloserToTruth
Yes. Organic molecules self-assemble to optimize conscious feelings, e.g. pleasure. Intelligence ensues naturally.
It’s more ‘passionate design’ rather than intelligent design. Pursuit of pleasure in all its forms drives behavior. I enjoy Tweeting, among other things.
@StuartHameroff
@mikeamark
@RichardDawkins
I take it the intelligent designer would be consciousness/protoconsciousness itself (rather than an individual king-like deity doing it from outside)?
Nice article about cognition driving evolution, but they don’t go far enough.
Conscious feelings needed for purpose, meaning, motivation and cognition.
@itsdesign
The retina is part of the brain, and rods and cones each have microtubule-based
cilia through which photons must pass.
So yes it’s possible. Cilia in all primitive visual systems, probably do lots more in our eyes too, extract quantum information from photons?
Yes. The brain is essentially made of microtubules which resonate in kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz in cognition and consciousness. Havana Syndrome apparently caused by high intensity kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz weapons, probably hyper-resonating microtubules.
Thanks! I had a great time at the Festival.
Here’s my view for the talk. And at lunch with the Brothers Professors Raymond and Dennis Noble who was on my side on a panel on consciousness in evolution. Debates designed very well!
Spot on! Congrats HTLGI!!
Consciousness precedes life and a recent NASA experiment provides data to support this, argues
@StuartHameroff
, Roger Penrose's long-time collaborator.
Tap here to find out more:
Top 10 reasons Neuroscience Needs a Revolution
Number 9
Memory
Synaptic proteins last hours to days yet memories last lifetimes. Dendritic-somatic microtubules the most likely site for memory encoding.
Consciousness occurs in microtubule memory beds.
Megahertz signals from microtubules inside brain neurons detectable at scalp showing triplet patterns. Neuron ionic charge too slow and weak. Microtubules composed of brain’s most abundant protein, oscillating coherently. Discovered by
@anirbanbandyo
Thanks Hide Saegusa for demo
Collapse/consciousness creates the flow of time. I loved it when my surgeon went into ‘flow state’ or ‘deep quantum autopilot’ with higher frequency of collapses/conscious moments. Michael Jordan said when he was hot ‘the other team was in slow motion’
@drmichaellevin
@StuartHameroff
@DrJackKruse
When we experience “time flies when we are having fun” and “watched pot never boils” or
When I am concentrating on big Surgical case- I feel like hours have passed when much less time has…
Are our quantum clocks de-synchronized from
How to treat the microtubules (MTs) in Alzheimer’s?
1) stabilize MTs, e.g. anti-cancer MT stabilizing drugs like paclitaxel and epothilone B
2) resonate MTs with low intensity, unfocused brain ultrasound which promotes MT resssembly. Safe, painless, mood enhancing.
Nice article about cognition driving evolution, but they don’t go far enough.
Conscious feelings needed for purpose, meaning, motivation and cognition.
@itsdesign
Consciousness extends now by quantum vibrations and entanglement in brain microtubules. Anirban’s coherent MHz, quantum nonlocal entanglement from microtubules can extend outside. Santosh Helekar’s ‘double slit on a chip’ studies show consciousness extension.
Its Orch OR Dave.
"But now with new technologies the possibilities are coming for the physical basis of consciousness to extend beyond the brain."
@davidchalmers42
explaining why you're already a Cyborg and how we might all end up uploading our consciousness to the cloud.
Wild times ahead.