PLOS Biology, the PLOS flagship journal in life sciences, is a highly selective open-access, peer-reviewed general biology journal
@PLOSBiology
@fediscience
.org
"Scooped"? We prefer to call it "complementary research," recognising its important role in reproducibility of science. Come to
#PLOSBiology
within 6 months of "scooping" and we'll consider it. See our new policy here:
The mysterious 'neuston' ecosystem at the ocean’s surface includes organisms like the seaweed Sargassum, floating barnacles, snails, nudibranchs & cnidarians;
@RebeccaRHelm
explores threats to its wellbeing and importance of further research
#PLOSBiology
Do our
#mitochondria
run at 50 degrees? Temp-sensitive probe suggests they run 10 deg hotter than cells
#PLOSBiology
& read Nick Lane's take on the implications & problems:
More secrets from the jellyfish that yielded GFP, transforming the study of living cells.
@LABrechaun
@NathanShaner
&co reveal that A. victoria and its Aussie cousin encode a diverse set of fluorescent proteins, incl the brightest yet described PLOSBiology
Which genes are hot... and which genes are not? Massive study of gene-specific bias in publication and funding shows that most human research is done on just 10% of genes, and predicts the most promising neglected gems
#PLOSBiology
Nitrogen-fixing slime frees corn from fertilizer. Indigenous
#Mexican
maize produces slime on its aerial roots that hosts nitrogen-fixing
#bacteria
that provide up to 82% of the
#plant
’s nitrogen requirements
#PLOSBiology
In honor of
#WorldOceanDay
, we’re highlighting some of our most exciting research and commentary on
#MarineBiology
and
#ocean
research. This beautiful study from
@RebeccaRHelm
&co catalogues life in the North Pacific “Garbage Patch”
What is the cost of science being conducted in English?
@tatsuya_amano
&co reveal that non-native English speakers spend more effort than native speakers in conducting scientific activities (reading, writing, preparing presentations...)
#PLOSBiology
Editorial: We need leaders that believe in scientific evidence
PLOS Biology cannot stand by in silence while trust is undermined by those elected to make decisions in the name of and for the benefit of society
We urge you to vote wisely!
Most RNA
#viruses
cause acute infections, but phenomena such as
#LongCovid
suggest that viral
#RNA
can persist after recovery. In this Unsolved Mystery, Diane Griffin explores the meaning, origins and consequences of persistent viral RNA.
@JohnsHopkinsSPH
#SARSCoV2
doesn't like it hot.
#COVID19
involves onset of fever, raising body temp to 38-41°C; study shows that raising temp to 40°C limits replication of
#SARSCoV2
in respiratory airway cultures, independently of interferon-mediated defences
#PLOSBiology
A chromosome carrying a color patterning supergene has spread rapidly through a population of African monarch
#butterflies
by hitchhiking with a male-killing
#endosymbiont
(hitchhiking between unlinked genomes)
@simonhmartin
&co in
#PLOSBiology
Want to attract computational biologists to your project or to your department?
@DrAnneCarpenter
@FertigLab
& 14 other
#compbio
folks explore solutions to problems faced in career advancement, publication & grant review
#PLOSBiology
Silkworms normally only eat mulberry leaves; can we make them love apples? A genetic study reveals that mutation of a single bitter gustatory receptor GR66 converts the
#silkworm
, a typical monophagous
#insect
, into a polyphagous species
#PLOSBiology
Why spend €1000s on a
#spectrophotometer
when you can make one for <€5? Plans for 3D-printed cuvette holder with LED block, which with smartphone Ambient Light Sensor makes a high-performance, low-cost spectrophotometer. Also
#Lego
version!
#PLOSBiology
Many bacterial & archaeal defense systems are encoded by mobile genetic elements.
@eprocha
&
@dbikard
argue that this challenges our ideas of their role in cells: Who's defending? From what? And what's the role of the cellular genome in this?
#PLOSBiology
The mysterious 'neuston' ecosystem at the ocean’s surface includes organisms like the seaweed Sargassum, floating barnacles, snails, nudibranchs & cnidarians;
@RebeccaRHelm
explores threats to its wellbeing and importance of further research
#PLOSBiology
The mysterious 'neuston' ecosystem at the ocean’s surface includes organisms like the seaweed Sargassum, floating barnacles, snails, nudibranchs & cnidarians;
@RebeccaRHelm
explores threats to its wellbeing and importance of further research
#PLOSBiology
Statistical
#PowerAnalysis
currently dominates
#ExperimentalDesign
. In this Essay,
@itchyshin
&co argue that we should move away from the current focus on power analysis and instead encourage smaller scale studies & collaborative projects
#PLOSBiology
A single-cell transcriptomic study of the immune system of the cancer-resistant
#NakedMoleRat
reveals that it lacks natural killer (NK) cells, thought crucial for cancer resistance. Its genome lacks NKC expansion, and only has 2 MHC-I genes
#PLOSBiology
Why can
#Toxoplasma
only have sex in cats?
#Cats
are the only mammals to lack delta-6-desaturase enzyme, giving them high levels of linoleic acid. Inhibiting the enzyme in mice and feeding them linoleic acid allows Toxo to have sex in mice
#PLOSBiology
What is the cost of science being conducted in English?
@tatsuya_amano
&co reveal that non-native English speakers spend more effort than native speakers in conducting scientific activities (reading, writing, preparing presentations...)
#PLOSBiology
.
@PeterHotez
argues that
#COVID19
has exposed how a rising tide of anti-science rhetoric & activities can exploit society's vulnerabilities to an infectious disease... has
#AntiScience
extremism become as big a threat as the virus itself?
#PLOSBiology
Cheaper, easier, safer:
#OpenSource
DNA/RNA purification & handling protocols based on functionalised magnetic beads, aiming to transform the practice & economics of life science research
#PLOSBiology
@teamBOMBbio
Homeostatic plasticity in
#neurons
involves translation & degradation. Study reveals that RNA-dependent synergy between
#translation
,
#degradation
&
#miRISC
remodeling is needed for synaptic homeostasis during changes in network activity
#PLOSBiology
Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the
#ocean
. In this
#PLOSBiology
Essay,
@vincentflora
@vardilab
discuss interactions between hosts and
#viruses
in the ocean and their relevance for global ocean ecosystem function in a changing climate.
Female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions (e.g. pollen tube attraction & fertilization). Live-cell imaging & transcriptomics of single female gametophyte cells reveal how cell fates are specified in Arabidopsis
#PLOSBiology
Nitrogen-fixing slime frees corn from fertilizer. Indigenous
#Mexican
maize produces slime on its aerial roots that hosts nitrogen-fixing
#bacteria
that provide up to 82% of the
#plant
’s nitrogen requirements
#PLOSBiology
"Scooped"? We prefer to call it "complementary research," recognising its important role in reproducibility of science. Come to
#PLOSBiology
within 6 months of "scooping" and we'll consider it. See our new policy here:
Cells can counteract
#aging
by transmitting mitochondria asymmetrically. This study in
#yeast
shows how oxidatively damaged
#mitochondria
are selectively retained in the mother cell to prevent inheritance by the next generation.
#PLOSBiology
How do birds position their feathers so accurately? New study reveals a spreading wave of ectodysplasin A, which triggers dense mesenchyme to begin feather patterning. Flightless birds have lost the EDA/cell density interaction
#PLOSBiology
Jumping spiders can distinguish animate from inanimate objects based solely on visual motion characteristics ("biological motion" of a body comprising jointed segments) — previously known only in vertebrates
@Massimo_De_Agro
@RoesslerDaniela
#PLOSBiology
Illustrating the pandemic. Molecular artist
@dsgoodsell
&co describe how visually striking illustrations of coronaviruses can capture our knowledge of the field and provide a touchstone for outreach & education about these pathogens
#COVID19
#PLOSBiology
"I'll have what she's having!" Why do females choose particular mates?
@EmilyHDuVal
@servedio1
&co propose that mate choices rely on context-dependent social information, explaining major puzzles in the study of
#SexualSelection
.
#PLOSBiology
Brewer's
#yeast
has been used to make fermented beverages for millennia. Genome analysis of
#beer
and other yeast strains shows that beer yeast have a polyploid admixed origin derived from European & Asian
#wine
populations
@justinfay
&co in
#PLOSBiology
Which
#COVID19
vaccination strategy? Two doses 3-4 weeks apart... or delay the 2nd dose? A modelling study by
@Alison_Galvani
&co shows that delaying the 2nd dose can maximize the benefits of vaccination programs under certain conditions
#PLOSBiology
Neural oscillation... or not? Using a normal form oscillator model,
@KeithD11
&
@FlorAssaneo
refute the most commonly held ideas of how an oscillator should behave, generating a series of cautionary examples to emphasize their findings
#PLOSBiology
NLRs are the main class of disease resistance genes in plants.
@JiorgosKourelis
@KamounLab
&co present
#RefPlantNLR
, a comprehensive reference dataset of 481 experimentally validated NLR immune receptors from 31 genera of flowering plants
#PLOSBiology
@arjunrajlab
For the record,
@PLOSBiology
do *not* do this. Reviewer exclusions will be respected if possible. If a large number of relevant experts are excluded, however, we'll ask the authors to rank those exclusions (and/or justify them), and may have to invite the "mildest."
A study of the relationship between antibiotic use & resistance shows that
#AntibioticResistance
peaks in the winter/spring and correlates most with use of penicillins & macrolides (antibiotics with winter-peaking use)
@yhgrad
@mlipsitch
&co
#PLOSBiology
Mammals have 6 conserved
#actin
isoforms with nonredundant functions.
@koenvddries
@syncellbiolab
&co present IntAct, a tool to study actin isoform localization, dynamics & molecular interactions across species in fixed & living cells
#PLOSBiology
Seeing is feeling? Rod photoreceptors are mechanosensitive; study reveals that rod receptorss express mechanosensitive channels, that mechanosensitivity is crucial for phototransduction, and that outer segments shorten in response to light
#PLOSBiology
Which genes are hot... and which genes are not? Massive study of gene-specific bias in publication and funding shows that most human research is done on just 10% of genes, and predicts the most promising neglected gems
#PLOSBiology
Why is
#LymeDisease
common in the northern US, but rare in the south? Howard Ginsberg,
@JTsao1
&co show that it's because the ticks attach mainly to rodents (good hosts for Lyme bacteria) in the north, and lizards (poor hosts) in the south
#PLOSBiology
Using
#monkeyflower
genome sequences to reconstruct patterns of evolution over 1,000,000 years of divergence,
@matt_streisfeld
&co show that natural selection plays a key role in driving genetic differentiation between emerging species
#PLOSBiology
Brewer's
#yeast
has been used to make fermented beverages for millennia. Genome analysis of
#beer
and other yeast strains shows that beer yeast have a polyploid admixed origin derived from European & Asian
#wine
populations
@justinfay
&co in
#PLOSBiology
Combo of entry assays & live virus suggests
#SARSCoV2
may have a broad host-range; its spike protein can use broad range of ACE2 receptors to enter cells, & sequence may have changed as it jumped to humans
@Morbillivirus
&co
@Pirbright_Inst
#PLOSBiology
Employing optimal computational methodology in cryo-electron tomography is not always easy;
@AlisterBurt
&co (Gutsche lab) provide a set of tools and a complete guide to obtaining high-resolution structures from cryo-ET data
#PLOSBiology
What made human gestation longer? An anthropoid-specific retroviral insertion regulates the expression of CRH, a placental protein associated with human birth timing; mice bearing this inertion have longer
#gestation
times
#PLOSBiology
Neural stem cells can transfer mitochondria via extracellular vesicles to target cells both in vitro & in vivo, suggesting a signaling mechanism used by NSCs to modulate physiology & metabolism of target cells
@Dr_LPJ
@Pluchinolab
&co
#PLOSBiology
Vampire bats meet for dinner.
@SimonRipperger
& Gerry Carter show that social bonds in
#VampireBats
typically defined by cooperative interactions within the roost also extend beyond the roost and may provide benefits when foraging for blood
#PLOSBiology
Why does
#exercise
reduce
#appetite
? Because the
#hypothalamus
heats up! Raised temperature in brain is detected by TRPV1-like thermoreceptors in proopiomelanocortin neurons in arcuate nucleus
#PLOSBiology
During gastrulation, mesoderm “invades” the developing embryo. Study reveals that its capacity for fast migration while remaining cohesive is triggered by down-reg of cell contractility via expression of two tissue-specific myosin regulators
#PLOSBiology
The
#RequestAWomanScientist
resource, launched Jan 2018 through
@500womensci
organization, represents an important step in increasing the diversity of voices represented as scientists in the public & scientific communities
#PLOSBiology
How is
#pain
represented? A single brain area, multiple systems or throughout the brain? Novel approach using large multi-study dataset shows multiple cortical & subcortical systems are needed to decode pain intensity
@bogpetre
@torwager
&co
#PLOSBiology
Ancestral land plants lacked leaves; these evolved independently in each lineage during the lower Palaeozoic. Study of liverwort Marchantia reveals that each time they evolved they used the same molecular mechanism to control leaf development
#PLOSBiology
The release of
@CellProfiler
version 3.0 adds the ability to analyze images in 3D; this article describes the tech improvements to this open-source software that will make you want to upgrade
#PLOSBiology
@DrAnneCarpenter
Differentiation in mother of all animals? 3D EM of
#choanoflagellates
&
#sponge
choanocytes reveals remarkable variety of cell architecture, suggesting that cell type differentiation may have been present in stem lineage leading to animals
#PLOSBiology
Microglia are confined to the central nervous system, right? New study shows that after spinal root injury,
#microglia
can exit the CNS to clear debris; when they return, the microglia are altered and can travel to distal areas like the brain
#PLOSBiology
Drinking animal milk is a textbook example of gene-culture coevolution, but how did lactase persistence emerge? The mutation rapidly spread through Eurasia ~3000 BP, but Asian herders adapted culturally, so why did Europeans adapt genetically?
#PLOSBiology
Nitrogen-fixing slime frees corn from fertilizer. Indigenous
#Mexican
maize produces slime on its aerial roots that hosts nitrogen-fixing
#bacteria
that provide up to 82% of the
#plant
’s nitrogen requirements
#PLOSBiology
Endosymbiosis is common and has been important in the
#evolution
of complex life, but its mechanistic origins remain unclear.
This Essay explores the theory and experimental evidence for trade-offs in the early-stage evolution of
#symbiosis
.
Within hours of
#neuron
birth, terminal differentiation genes are transcribed, but not translated. In
#PLOSBiology
,
@TheHomemLab
reveals that these transcripts are only translated days later in a way that coordinates with developmental stage in
#Drosophila
Somatic mutations in plants: rates of accumulation vary between different parts of a plant, with lower rates when mutations have greater potential longevity (such as in leaves) than in more disposable structures (such as petals)
#PLOSBiology