I use MRI in lower back pain 🤭
I also get asked frequently how I manage the scan follow up consults & handle patient Qs
So here is a mini-thread which gives a little comms synopsis - some may nod sagely, others may roll their eyes - that’s cool - no right or wrong.
@LozzaFox
This is interesting, because i was sat across from you at lunch today in Les Arc - you spent more time on your phone updating X with pics of you carving up the slopes as ‘Old Bond’ than chatting to your kids - who were also on their phones 🤷♂️
#potkettleblack
1. Unravelling groin pain - a thread
I love this area, but it can be confusing & seemingly complex - esp as there is significant overlap between groin pathologies re clinical behaviour & presentation - and often concurrent pain drivers ‘muddying the waters’ further
Thread alert 🚨🚨🚨
Ankle inversion injuries don't just result in lateral ligament sprains....
...there are plenty of other injuries to bear in mind when you assess, both acutely & further down the line
Stress fractures - a detailed thread 🦴🦴🦴
I thought I'd put together an overview & some clinical nuggets from the 'coal-face'
First up, I prefer to call them 'bone stress injuries' - majority don't have a # line on imaging & the language can be scary / nocebic for some
Thread alert 🚨🚨🚨 - Medial knee pain!
What else should we be considering beyond OA & MCL sprains?
Here are some differentials to consider & their clinical presentation 🧐
Hip & groin pain in sporty adolescents IS NOT NORMAL!
(a thread)
Kids aren't 'little adults' - they have different physiology, immature skeleton, growth plates...
They're susceptible to unique conditions
Yet they are robust - if they're not enjoying sport, pay attention...
Thread -🚨🚨🚨
Anterior knee pain is super common - understandably, we tend to think of the patellofemoral joint, Hoffa’s fat pad or proximal patella tendon as the main culprits
But there are other less common causes that might not necessarily be on your clinical radar….
Thread alert - posterior ankle & heel pain 🚨🚨🚨
Most cases are ‘common garden’ achilles tendinopathy
However, here is a selection of conditions I've seen over time in clinic which can masquerade & are worth considering if the picture is atypical or patient not progressing
Thread 🚨🚨🚨
Posterolateral knee pain -
Outside of acute ligamentous trauma its a bit of a 'No Man's Land' pathoanatomically 🤨
In the same vein as 'anterior knee pain', here are some conditions to bear in mind if your patients symptoms are puzzling you
A healthy 13yr old boy dies from C19. His parents can’t even be with him as the ventilator is switched off or see him immediately after death. I don’t think there could be anything more motivating for adhering to isolation rules and being social responsibility. Devastating.
I get asked about the utility of hip & groin tests all the time
The short answer is there's a big overlap across clinical tests & key pain drivers - no test is particularly specific; some are sensitive
This is my take based on clinical experience - opinions welcome
🚨🚨 groin pain cheat table🚨🚨
Groin injury clinical tests lack specificity with a large overlap across conditions....
This makes the history, pain pattern / behaviour & mechanism of injury even more crucial
Hopefully this table I've put together will help you navigate ⬇️
Consent ✅
Frozen shoulder ➡️
ultrasound video hydrodilatation
Pre inj video - max 70-80deg active abduction - apprehensive
Immediately post inj video - 130deg active range pain free
Consent ✅
Previous high grade lateral ligament tears
Presenting with achilles and peroneal tendinopathy / overload pain now
Video - positive sulcus sign on posterior glide with calc fixed
Can be done with knee flexed and foot planted on bed as well.
Documented consent for images & data ✅
Thread 🧵
'Deep gluteal syndrome' or piriformis syndrome - a patient's journey
Over-diagnosed & a diagnosis of exclusion really...
the neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome of the pelvis? 🧐
It does exist though
Wow 👀
Young Athletes Who Return to Sport Before 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Have a Rate of New Injury 7 Times That of Those Who Delay Return
I once called an ortho consultant at 2am for help re a post op acute compartment syndrome - she drove in, assessed, coordinated the surgical team. Then said on way out having done the fasciotomies “ I’m not actually the on-call consultant this week, but don’t worry”. Legend.
If you've ever been a trainee, you will have felt that horrible anxiety when phoning the consultant in the middle of the night.
Guilt.
Self-doubt.
Trepidation.
Thanks to the med twitter community - here are the top 5 tips on making that call.
Day 14/30
#ship30for30
“How bad are the dermatomes?”- this blog is a must read for those who struggle with the discrepancies between radicular pain and text book dermatomal teaching. Spinal cord Neuroinflammation theory is particularly interesting.
Deteriorating groin or proximal thigh pain in a female (& sometimes male) endurance runner is a femoral stress fracture until proven otherwise.
If you are treating it as a hip flexor ‘strain’ or tightness then you probably have the wrong diagnosis.
Just had a patient who’s had 19 sessions of chiropractic treatment (actually paid for by Bupa!) and been told he has a 14mm leg length discrepancy.
He’s not better obviously
Can we stop with this now. I’m tired of unravelling this BS in clinic, especially on friday afternoon.
First patient of the day with raging cervical radiculopathy -
“I’ve tried all the normal stuff - laser, cupping, theragun - it’s just not going away”
Ah, that cheered me up on a cold friday morning.
@RevRichardColes
If you’ve got excruciating hip / groin pain then it’s likely to be hip osteoarthritis- or less likely a more serious condition eg avascular necrosis, insufficiency fractureZ Or referred pain into your hip.
you should be seeing either a Physiotherapist or your GP / orthopaedic
55yo female runner, 5 & 10k for years, with no prior knee pain attends A&E with a likely degen meniscal tear
Doc tells them “you shouldn’t be running at your age anyway...”
Why does this ignorant, ill informed message still get air-time? So harmful & upsetting for the patient
Saw patient with ? ACL tear at 2 pm
MRI at 2:20pm
MRI reviewed with patient at 2:50pm - ACL & medial meniscus injuries confirmed
Discussed with ortho colleague - appt in 4-6 weeks booked
Prehab physio booked for tomorrow
Good service / turn around i think!
🚨🚨groin pain cheat table - updated! 🚨🚨
Groin injury clinical tests lack specificity with a large overlap across conditions...
This makes the history, pain pattern, behaviour & mechanism of injury even more crucial
Hopefully this table I've made will help you navigate���️
Rehab clinicians -
Please don't get over enthusiastic give patients rehab programmes stuffed with loads of exercises - they just can't manage them with busy schedules & typically confess to me they lose motivation & stop doing them.
It might look like the best rehab plan in
Patient today with lower ab, groin & perineal pain-
“Could my car seats be aggravating it?”
“Possibly - but only if,say, you drive a Lamborghini with carbon fibre bucket seats”
“I do drive a Lamborghini with carbon fibre seats”
Well that solves that then
#stronghistorytaking
A reminder that not all lumbar radiculopathy is ‘sciatic’
Although much less common, femoral nerve root from high lumbar disc bulge (here L2/3) can cause flank, hip and anterior thigh pain
Misdiagnosed as hip joint and gluteal tendinopathy
Popliteus is an under-rated source of posterolateral knee pain, particularly post arthroscopy
It is intra-articular and doesn't like an effusion, change in joint biomechanics post ACL recon & rapid push with high end rehab progressions eg plyos
Bear it in mind if plateauing
@SAS_gas_Thomas
it’s actually this chap who encapsulates the understandable current attitude amongst NHS clinicians - preoccupied by the stress of the job, unimpressed by Tory virtue signalling, disenchanted …..
I don’t have my own website yet - but thinking if I get it up and running, maybe i could continue interesting cases with educational offshoot there as regular updates 🤷🧐
If you’re comfortable with the concept of forming a diagnosis 😮🤭😲🤭based on a thorough history & focused examination, then you might find this blog useful
MRI should not be requested by clinicians who are not capable of putting it in context - clinically and with respect to general population findings.
It’s a powerful, positive tool in the right hands, and a crap one in the wrong hands.
It’s not a difficult concept
Consent ✅
Doctor with years of pain - shown on their body map below
Affecting ward rounds, unable to swim, jog
Been told psychosomatic after LSp MRI normal
Guided hip joint LA injection removed all symptoms today including leg - able to run!
Hip joint isn't just groin!
Young pt with 1/12 focal R LBP -no radicular signs / Sx-
“My GP has told me it’s likely I have nerve damage so i’m scared to go back in to the gym - she sent me to physio”
“Ok - what did the physio say”
“That I need an MRI”
We still have a long way to go in primary care MSk
With consent
Runner, Cross fit
Plantar midfoot pain on higher impact exercise, jumping
Tender on palpation deep medial arch & pain on FHL testing
Treated as plantar fasciitis to date
MRI - ‘intersection syndrome’ (tenosynovitis at Knot of Henry where FHL & FDL cross over)
With consent
Elite male runner 20s
6/52 ⬆️ L groin pain ➡️ to thigh
initially warms up now stops him, night pain
Rx as hip flexor strain 🙄
Video ➡️ Hop test R vs L
+ve FADIR
US - periosteal reaction femoral neck ? stress #
hip flexor in an endurance runner?think again
i’ve tried hard to crystallise experience to date; groin pain exam
complexities / pitfalls / pearls; sign post to the most useful contemporary research & consensus here in one article blog. 🤯
Hope it’s useful.
12 MSK pearls of Christmas!
A festive thread
Partridge in a pear tree -
Patients with proximal weakness (myopathy)?
Think medical eg Cushing’s syndrome - centripetal obesity (pear shaped), purple skin striae, moon face….
Blood work up & MRI brain
Musing -
How many Deep Gluteal Syndromes / Piriformis Syndromes are non MSK eg endometriosis?
Have seen 5 pts, all female between 30-40, with stubborn gluteal pain that’s radiates into leg and pelvis - also element lower back pain
Normal / non dysplastic hips
One pt so far
Me listening to the 45yr old patient telling me their knee OA is bone on bone and that the surgeon told them they’d need the other knee doing soon as well.
i only started using twitter properly 2 years ago - 10k is weird
I genuinely enjoy sharing Msk information & education content - i get excited with every new case that pops up
Thanks to everyone who contributes to each thread to make it a holistic resource
Consent✅
Red flag conditions will pop up in MSK clinic every now and again - be vigilant
This pt fell with subsequent ‘minor’ abrasions over patella - some subcutaneous swelling but minimal pain
5 days later was doing hip flexor (🤣) stretches in HIIT class rubbing the
I get not all chiropractors operate in the same way & have variable skill sets - and there are good & bad clinicians in all spaces.
But it makes my blood boil when I hear this from pt (almost verbatim)-
"The chiro booked me in for 3 adjustments a week for the next few months -
Musing -
Why do we call ankle injuries ‘inversion’ & ‘eversion’?
The dynamic mechanism is hardly ever uniplanar, rather a combination - so they should be ‘supination’ & pronation’ injuries 🤔
This is why there is a whole host of structures are at risk
I should have been a physio
Vet who is terrified of bending & squats because of LBP flares 2 /year
Told him the spine is strong, its designed to bend, its safe
Got him to repeat x 5 until touched his toes
no MRI - finish off the progress in the cons with a LSp physio then S&C
Consent✅
Subacromial injections are not always straight forward
Even with high res US guidance, it can require finesse / manipulation of the the needle to tip to pick up & accurately infiltrate the bursa
Can you do this with the same precision land-mark guided ('blind')?
consent ✅
60s, tennis, referred as ? bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
mild bilateral parasthesiae hands, no pain or power loss
MRI CSp - marked multilevel foraminal stenosis
Again we see structure doesn’t always marry up with symptom severity
Consent✅
Always amazes me how well some people cope with osteoarthritis
This chap works in furniture removal - came to me concerned by some mild R knee medial aching....
Otherwise happily getting on with his job, walking his dog
Degree of varus impressive, has a fixed
Summary
1. Kids don't get muscle or tendon injuries - think apophyses
2. Image early - X-ray 👍
3. Red flags, childhood conditions
4. Engage parents & observe their influence
5. Kids love their sport - its socially defining - if they are unhappy, there's a significant problem
@DrPJJB
@TonyDtheDoctor
Sorry - ‘repaying the nation’? 😂😂😂What is a graduate medical student repaying the nation for? I hadn’t realised ‘the nation’ pays med school tuition fees, covers student loans etc. How generous of them. You’re an absolute plum.
Message via PA from pt
“My time is very precious, so i don’t want to waste it seeing Dr Noake if he can’t guarantee he will do an MRI. Also it would be helpful if he can rearrange his lunch break to accommodate me”
See you later 👋👋
female, 60, runner - inversion injury 6 months ago. X-ray in ED ‘normal’. Persistent pain anterolateral midfoot, can’t load. Non union intra-articular ant calcaneal process #. Lesson - palpate all key bony landmarks in acute ankle sprain AND get correct xray views.
Consent ✅ & specifically
requested by patient to spread awareness
Important learning update on this case - many people have enquired about this
This lady had some improvement in pain post deep gluteal space sciatic nerve decompression
But at review, her lower limb control
Documented consent for images & data ✅
Thread 🧵
'Deep gluteal syndrome' or piriformis syndrome - a patient's journey
Over-diagnosed & a diagnosis of exclusion really...
the neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome of the pelvis? 🧐
It does exist though
A blog for those wanting a succinct review of adolescent hip & groin pain - why it’s important not to underestimate it, key causes to be vigilant for, clinical presentation, case studies, parental influence.
Clinicians thoughts on the lever (or Lelli’s) test for ACL tear? Vs Lachman’s etc
I’ve had 2 patients out of 10 in last 3 months with a false negative test and ACL disruption confirmed on subsequent MRI
Left L5/S1 extraforaminal disc bulge
Severe left sided radicular pain & antalgic gait
5 days of prednisolone 40mg and diclofenac SR - symptoms completely gone
Bupa - please don’t tell patients who have 6 x MSK issues (plantar fasciitis, LBP, MTSS, PFP, ankle sprain, FAI, neck pain) that it’s appropriate to have al of this safely & adequately assessed in one 30 min initial appt!
#manageexpectations
Consent ✅
With respect to lower lumbar & gluteal pain, there are numerous potential pain drivers - disc, facet, SIJ, myofascial....
Cluneal nerve irritation is way down the list, but see it occasionally
Dental hygienist - diffuse upper gluteal aching / burning, provoked by
Consent✅
Female 30s
Neck pain radiating into occiput, (cervicogenic) headaches - pain referring into upper traps symmetrically..... a super common pain pattern presentation
MRI typically unhelpful 🤷♂️- although occasionally we find changes that are relevant & can be a target
Why does everyone 💩 themselves when we talk about giving oral prednisolone for 5 days -
Yet we are content to prescribe & accept opioids, tramadol, NSAIDs etc which have higher side effect risk profile
Never had a complication with prednisolone course in 10 years
Going to step back from Twitter for an extended period; have decided that the -ives (certain individuals in the main) outweigh the +ives. Sorry to those who feel they gain something from my educational posts - i enjoy teaching. Contact me on my Pure email.
3 lumbar prostate cancer mets and an iliac breast cancer met this week.... in a sports medicine clinic. This is why i always MRI scan spinal & pelvic pain patients with a malignancy history.
30yr old woman with 5 years finger tip pain at rest and ++ filing nails / manicure, temp sensitivity - pain occurs radiates proximally into finger. Normal NCSs and MRI CSp (but told maybe “nerve damage” 🙄 by neurologist). 5 sec exam today gave her the answer - pics show?
Parental and patient consent ✅
Further on (osteo)chondral injury -
14yo, sudden onset lateral retropatella pain after awkward single leg landing with hyperextension & valgus
POCUS video - well defined lateral trochlear groove acute chondral defect
MRI - loose body in
Consent ✅
Body builder - severe retropatella pain squatting / leg press
X-rays can provide a lot of useful information & a good first line investigation
But this image shows the potential limitation in assessing chondropathy vs MRI
If you have an injury it’s generally better to see a sports doc first to be assessed & decide if you need imaging, & if so, what modality. Just self paying for an MRI scan, esp without someone to put it in context, can be pointless (sometimes harmful) & frequently a waste of $$
With consent
sudden onset pain R mid hamstring sprinting for drop shot in tennis
Bruising pattern pre-dominantly medial thigh - but on POCUS injury is lateral (arrow - biceps femoris MT junction)
Bruising isn’t a reliable indicator of injury site
High gd proximal femoral shaft stress # in female runner. Unusual vs neck of femur. Symptoms vague - mild ache in thigh; ‘weakness & loss of propulsion’. All clinical tests normal except ‘shut down’ on hop test. Pain pattern in BSIs can be unreliable so loss of function should 🚩
So yesterday i had my cardiology NHS appointment (3:45pm)
By 3:45pm i had had ECG, Echo, BP etc
The consultant (Dr Tevik Ismail) - an incredible, empathetic, super bright human being - spent 45 mins plus with me
The NHS is on its knees generally, but it still rises to the
Back pain explained!
Herniated disk? Sciatica?
I try to simplify these common topics for you, as if you were standing in front of me as one of my patients.
Watch & share!
It’s funny how things come to a head and you just have that epiphany - ‘a snap of fingers’ moment - time to leave something behind, move on & focus on more important things in life.
i feel i’ve done my educational bit.
Can catch up with me via james.noake
@puresportsmed
.com
if