Official Twitter channel of the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). The OBR provides independent and authoritative analysis of the UK’s public finances.
Report announcement 📣: Our third Fiscal risks and sustainability report will be published on 2 July 📗
We’ll have three chapters looking at:
🌏climate change
🏥 health spending
📈 debt sustainability
Read more on our website:
Living standards are expected to fall by 6% over this fiscal year and next as inflation outstrips income growth. This is less than the 7% fall we expected in November but still the largest two-year fall since ONS records began in the 1950s.
#SpringBudget
#Budget2023
Living standards are forecast to be 3½ per cent lower in 2024-25 than pre-pandemic.
This would be the largest reduction in living standards since records began in the 1950s, but only half the fall we expected in March.
#AutumnStatement
UK trade intensity (exports plus imports divided by GDP) has not recovered in line with other G7 countries since the pandemic.
We continue to expect that Brexit will reduce the UK’s potential GDP by 4% in the long run by lowering the trade intensity of the economy.
#Budget2024
How are our Brexit assumptions performing?
In light of higher-than-expected net migration but relatively weak business investment and trade, we have left our view unrevised that Brexit will result in 4% lower productivity in the long run.
More in Box 2.4
Robert Chote stands down today after 10 years as Chair of the Office for Budget Responsibility. BRC colleagues and OBR staff applaud his success in establishing the OBR and promoting the cause of fiscal transparency.
Best of luck – we will miss you!
👨🎨
@SimonHeath1
Fiscal risks report published: shocks and pressures that could threaten the public finances and fiscal sustainability.
@hmtreasury
due to respond within a year.
#OBRfiscalrisks
At midday today we’ll publish results of a coronavirus scenario illustrating the possible effects on the economy and public finances of a 3-month shutdown and the Government’s policy responses. This is *not* a forecast, just 1 scenario of many that could unfold.
#OBRcovidscenario
We have also tested how a ‘no deal’ Brexit affects our central forecast and scenarios. If we left without a deal, GDP would be a further 2% lower in 2021 and 1.5% lower in 2025.
#SpendingReview
Business investment has stagnated since 2016. It is given a temporary boost by the 100% capital allowances announced in the
#SpringBudget
but falls back when they expire in 2026. Total investment from 2022 to 2028 is little changed from our November forecast.
#Budget2023
Brexit: we continue to base our forecasts on broad-brush assumptions regarding the UK leaving the EU, but there is now sufficient clarity to estimate the size of the ‘divorce bill’
#SpringStatement
The tax rises announced in
#Budget2021
increase the tax burden to 35 per cent of GDP in 2025-26, its highest level since Roy Jenkins was Chancellor in the late 1960s
What risks does
#climatechange
pose for government finances? 🌍
OBR Economists Rachel and Tom explain some of the risks we’ve considered in chapter 3 of our 2021
#OBRfiscalrisks
report 📗
Read more:
The Chair of the OBR has written to the Editor of the Sunday Telegraph regarding an article that appeared in their 17 December edition. We have published this letter on our website.
In our scenario, the shock to the economy and the huge Government policy response raise this year’s budget deficit by around £220bn to around 14% of GDP and public debt to around 100% of GDP.
#OBRcovidscenario
Debt to reach £2 trillion: In cash terms, Budget giveaways push debt above £2 trillion for the first time. Debt is now broadly flat as a share of GDP over the forecast.
#Budget2020
Just a year and a half ago, the Government was on course to balance the budget in the medium term. Budget giveaways and better accounting treatment now leave a deficit of around £60bn.
#Budget2020
Government support this year and next adds 3½% on average to household incomes. But even so, living standards are set for the largest fall on record this year. And real incomes per person fall 7% over the 2 years to 2023-24, wiping out the previous 8 years’ growth.
November 2022 forecasts published – more highlights and charts to follow 📘
Richard Hughes explains five things you need to know about our forecast
#AutumnStatement
Data and supporting documents are now available on our website:
Government debt levels have tripled since the start of this century. Despite all Chancellors since 2010 aiming to get debt falling, at 100 per cent of GDP, debt is at its highest level in over 60 years
#OBRfiscalrisks
July 2020 scenarios and projections published – more highlights and charts to follow 📚
Data and supporting documents are now available on our website:
#OBRFSR2020
Our updated long-term projection sees debt surpass 300% of GDP in 50 years’ time.
And it would go even higher if rising debt pushes interest rates up further or shocks over the next 50 years prove to be as frequent and costly as those over the past two decades
#OBRfiscalrisks
Brexit in our forecasts
As required by Parliament, our forecasts reflect Government policy as it stood when we closed the forecast last week. We assume:
• UK leaves the EU on 29 March
• An orderly Brexit
• A transition period to December 2020
#SpringStatement
Business investment has flatlined – disappointing even the relatively modest 9 per cent growth over three years that we forecast just after the Brexit vote.
Have you ever wondered how the government’s finances have changed over the past 300 years?
Check out our new historical public sector finances database and read our article to discover the key trends:
At £6.5bn, the Chancellor has given himself less headroom than any of his predecessors – just a quarter of the average of £26bn since 2010.
#SpringBudget
#Budget2023
Our latest forecasts for the economy and public finances will be published later today after the Chancellor’s
#AutumnStatement
speech 📘
Follow us later for charts and highlights 📊
Tax burden still set to rise from 33.0% in 2019-20 to 36.3% of GDP in 2026-27, its highest level since the 1940s.
NICs and IT cuts in today's
#SpringStatement
reverse 1/6th of the total tax rises this Chancellor has announced since coming to office.
Two ‘once-in-a-lifetime’ economic shocks have hit in just over a decade. The coronavirus crisis has created new risks and reshaped existing ones
#OBRFSR2020
Issues for the Government's response...
For a comprehensive list of all risks we’ve raised and our latest assessment, download the Fiscal risk register:
October 2021 forecasts published – more highlights and charts to follow 📘
Richard Hughes explains five things you need to know about our forecast
#Budget2021
Data and supporting documents are now available on our website:
Our latest forecasts for the economy and public finances will be published later this afternoon after the Chancellor’s
#SpringStatement
speech 📘
Follow us later for charts and highlights 📊
By the mid-2020s, the tax burden is 4% of GDP higher than pre-pandemic and 1% of GDP higher than forecast in March. It peaks above 37% in 2023-24 and remains near that peak – its highest sustained level for seven decades.
#AutumnStatement
Our latest estimate of the total cost of the Chancellor’s coronavirus policy interventions is £123 billion in 2020-21. This now includes the latest CJRS extension and some guarantees on business loans being called.
More detail on our website:
We conclude that the move to UC is: fiscally significant and complicated to assess; has large, but largely offsetting, effects on spending; involves large gains and losses for some groups; and poses a risk to public spending control due to information gaps.
The UK Government has seen a larger and more rapid rise in its debt servicing costs than other advanced economies. This is due to our larger rise in interest rates, larger share of inflation-linked debt, and shorter effective maturity
#OBRfiscalrisks
#ICYMI
In our November forecast, we estimated the impact of a no deal Brexit on the economy and public finances.
Our scenario suggests a no deal Brexit would result in an additional reduction in real GDP by around 2 per cent in 2021.
Read more in Annex B
#ICYMI
Our chair, Richard Hughes, spoke with
@bbclaurak
and
@adamfleming
on
#BBCNewscast
last night to discuss our virus & no deal scenario results, the sensitivity of debt interest spending and 'balancing the books'
Financial markets now expect Bank Rate to peak at 5.4%. This is more than 1 percentage point higher than our March forecast for Bank Rate of 4.3%. A higher Bank Rate raises the cost of mortgages as well as the Government’s debt.
#AutumnStatement
#ICYMI
How might this energy price shock differ from the 1970s?
We're back to being a net importer of energy like in the 1970s.
But we're 2/3rds less energy intensive now vs 1970s due to energy-efficiency and smaller manufacturing sector.
The Chancellor has just announced that the Spending Review will be published on Wednesday 25 November.
Our latest outlook for the economy and public finances will be released on the same day.
Brexit discussion paper published today
We discuss how we expect to approach forecasting in the pre- and post-Brexit environment, and challenges posed for us by forthcoming policy developments.
Goods exports have recovered to pre-pandemic levels in other advanced economies, but UK exports remain ~12% below 2019 levels
The UK has become a less trade-intensive economy, with trade as % of GDP also falling by ~12% since 2019, 2.5X more than in any other G7 economy
The Chancellor has announced that we will now publish our forecast on 17 November alongside his Autumn Statement.
We will update our forecast timetable shortly.
The
#OBRfiscalrisks
report draws on
@theCCCuk
and
@bankofengland
scenarios to estimate the net fiscal impact of reaching net zero by 2050. An early action scenario adds 21% to the debt/GDP ratio – a lot, but less than either the 2020 pandemic or the 2008 financial crisis.
Our new database tracks the Chancellor’s policy interventions to limit the economic damage of coronavirus crisis. So far, the cost in 2020-21 is roughly £105 billion (in cash terms)
Download from our website:
CJRS cost revised down 30% as usage suggests employers have concentrated furloughing among part-time and lower-paid jobs. Average pre-virus weekly pay looks to have been around £320 – much closer to median part-time than full-time earnings. Read more:
We are still legally obliged to assess the Government against its fiscal targets. Based on our central forecast, they are missing most.
#SpendingReview
The £8.9 billion margin in our central forecast against the debt falling target is lower than the average of £26.1 billion that Chancellors have set aside against their fiscal rules since 2010, and is a small fraction of the risks around any fiscal forecast.
#Budget2024
Everyone at the OBR is saddened to hear of the death of Sir Alan Budd, the first Chair of the OBR. We send our condolences and best wishes to his friends and family.
Successive Chancellors have committed themselves to getting public debt to fall as a share of GDP, but it is now three times higher than at the start of the century.
Why is it so hard to get debt to fall? A thread
#Budget2023
#SpringBudget
Tax cuts in the
#AutumnStatement
policies reduce the tax burden by ½ a per cent of GDP by 2028-29. But the tax burden is still forecast to rise in each of the next 5 years to a post-war high of 38 per cent of GDP.
Following the cancellation of the Budget, we plan to publish a restated version of our March public finance forecast, incorporating subsequent
@ONS
classification and other statistical changes.
Read our letter to
@hmtreasury
:
March 2023 forecasts published – more highlights and charts to follow 📘
Richard Hughes explains five things you need to know about our forecast
#SpringBudget
#Budget2023
Read the full report here:
Higher oil prices quickly feed into higher fuel prices (yellow) while higher gas prices increase household utilities bills (blue) with a lag via the Ofgem energy price cap. These energy-driven pressures added to existing pressures on prices of imported goods (red).
We’ve just published our first Fiscal risks and sustainability report, looking at near-term fiscal risks and long-term fiscal pressures.
FRS 2022 focuses on 3 significant threats to the public finances:
🌍rising geopolitical tensions
⛽️higher energy prices
🧓an ageing population
How does the Russian invasion of Ukraine affect the UK economy?
Higher global gas and oil prices add to existing inflationary pressures in global goods and domestic labour markets. Near-term gas prices have doubled and oil prices risen by more than 50% since our Oct forecast.
The Chancellor has set the date for the Spring Budget 2023: Wednesday 15 March
That day we will update our outlook for the economy and public finances.
The future is too uncertain to forecast only one path.
We look at three possible scenarios for the path of the virus depending on the effectiveness of the current lockdown, test and trace, and vaccines.
#SpendingReview
Our latest forecasts and scenarios for the economy and public finances will be published later this afternoon after the Chancellor’s
#SpendingReview
speech 📘
Follow us later for charts and highlights 📊
PIP was intended to save around £1½bn in 2015-16 relative to DLA continuing.
We tested PIP against three simple scenarios for DLA having remained in place and found that PIP appears to have cost more than DLA would have – by around £1½ to £2bn a year.
March 2022 forecasts published – more highlights and charts to follow 📘
Richard Hughes explains five things you need to know about our forecast
#SpringStatement
Data and supporting documents are now available on our website:
We have updated the fiscal results of our reference scenario. Public sector net borrowing in 2020-21 has been revised up to £298.4 billion (£25.5 billion higher than our 14 April results).
As a result, underlying debt rises to a peak of 98% of GDP in 2025-26, before falling to 97% in the final year of the forecast.
But this still leaves the level of debt £400bn (18% of GDP) higher in 2026-27 than we forecast in March.