sociologist | writer | uw-madison professor | families, schools, inequality | mom of two hams | holding it together: how women became america's safety net
"Other countries have social safety net. The U.S. has women."
That quote is the beating heart of my new book, HOLDING IT TOGETHER, which will be out June 4, 2024 with Portfolio/Penguin, and which I can't wait to share with all of you.
As I teach my students, kids' clothing only became gendered when capitalists realized they could double their money by selling separate clothes for girls and boys. Before that, kids wore gender-neutral dresses, which better accommodated growth spurts and toilet training.
We train girls to romanticize motherhood from the minute they're old enough to hold a doll. Because if we didn't, a heck of a lot more of them would realize what motherhood actually entails* and run very fast the other way.
Feels like a good time to remind everyone that SpaceX has received nearly $5 Billion in federal grants, tax breaks, and subsidies.
Imagine what that money could've achieved if we put it toward affordable childcare, or housing, or healthcare instead.
BREAKING: SpaceX’s new rocket, the biggest and most powerful ever built, blasted off on its first test flight but failed minutes after launch. It carried no people or satellites.
The U.S. is an outlier in its low levels of financial support for young children’s care. Rich countries contribute an average of $14,000 per year for a toddler’s care, compared with $500 in the U.S. The Democrats’ spending bill tries to shrink the gap.
This Fox News list of "America's Top Christian Colleges and Universities" is fascinating for many reasons, but maybe especially for the fact that it erases Catholicism from Christianity. i.e., schools like Georgetown and Notre Dame aren't mentioned at all.
My first year of
#gradschool
, I was overwhelmed by the amount and density of the reading. I spent hours slogging through. I had piles of notes. But I felt lost. So now, in the interest of revealing the
#HiddenCurriculum
of
#highered
, I share these tips with students: (thread)
Me: I'm sorry, kiddo. We have to change your medicine to a swallow kind, because our health insurance doesn't cover the chewable one, so it's really really expensive to buy.
6-year-old: Or we could move to another country where medicine is free.
Elite schools have a culpability here. Instead of admitting to admitted students "there were lots of students who deserved to be here and you just happen to be the ones we picked," they say, "we admitted you because you're the best." 1/
We are still in a pandemic. Kids are still ineligible for vaccines. And we are still in the midst of a childcare crisis. Yet, employers are still somehow expecting a return to "normal."
A reminder and a thread: 1/
These dresses were usually white because white fabric 1) was cheaper (didn't require expensive dyes), and 2) could be easily no bleached when kids (inevitably) dirtied their clothes.
Pink for girls and blue for boys is a capitalist invention, and for a time, was even reversed
They warn you that traveling with kids is hard. They don't warn you that you it'll take about 200 tries to get a passport photo that'll pass for what's required.
Some politicians are afraid to let students learn these lessons. Because knowing the truth about history reveals that things don't have to be the way they are now. And because knowing that things could be different empowers students to challenge existing systems of power.
4-year-old: Would you be dead if a dinosaur ate you?
Me: Yes, you'd be dead if a dinosaur ate you.
4-year-old: No. Would *you* be dead if a dinosaur ate you?
Me: Yes, I would be. And you would be dead if a dinosaur ate you, too.
4: I wasn't alive when there were dinosaurs.
Academia, particularly the most competitive parts of academia, are built on the assumption that "serious" academics have no family obligations or will be willing and able to sacrifice them for the good of their work. That assumption is bad for academics and bad for academia, too.
A couple of gems from my
@NSF
#PRFB
comments:
Rev.2: "Weaknesses: The work would be conducted at the same institution as their PhD."
Rev. 3: "Weaknesses: No justification is given for staying at the same institution."
A thread about the multidimensionality of diversity... 1/n
Professors: Please tell your grad students that they’re making progress and doing good work. Not because they’re spoiled millennials who need reassurance. But because validation is important. Especially amidst uncertainty. And especially from those who can make or break a career.
@MoiraDonegan
After I was born, my mom worked as a:
-temp worker/secretary/typist
-direct sales associate (Mary Kay)
-home childcare provider
-preschool teacher
-elementary school teacher
So I know a whole lot about how our lack of support for mothers pushes women into low-wage, gendered work
Libraries are the best. My 9-year-old recently figured out that she can download free ebooks from our local library, and she's managed to burn through four Judy Blume books, A Wrinkle in Time, and Castle in the Attic in just the first week of winter break.
I'm waiting for someone to connect these findings (students perceived women faculty to be more supportive and accommodating during the pandemic; universities have undervalued this care work) to the current reviewer crisis in academic publishing. 1/
A warning to parents traveling
@SouthwestAir
:
Yesterday, my sister checked 3 carseats for her flight. Southwest canceled their flight twice and rebooked them for Wednesday. My sister asked for the carseats back so they could leave, and Southwest refused. 24hrs later, same thing.
Read as much of each article/book as it takes to identify the:
-research question
-data/methods
-argument/answer
-key evidence supporting the argument/answer
-limitations (i.e., what questions it doesn't answer; what perspectives or possibilities it doesn't consider)
And finally, pick a citation manager (e.g., Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote) and put *everything* you read into it. Use it to take notes. Use the tag features to group readings by subfield and method and argument. It'll make your life (and your research) *way* easier down the line.
This opens the door to perceptions that affirmative action "steals" the "rightful" spots of "better" students. When, the reality is--affirmative action just helps ensure that schools are choosing equitably from the many students who deserve to get in. 2/
A possibly controversial academic opinion:
Students shouldn't be graded on knowledge/skills they aren't explicitly taught in the class.
For example, with paper assignments, if the course doesn't teach spelling, grammar, and writing, then those shouldn't be part of the grade. 1/
Academia has been hemorrhaging workers over the past few years; rather than try to rebuild by improving pay/working conditions, many universities have used it as an opportunity to cut budgets by pushing more work onto the staff, faculty, and grad students who are still here.
2-year-old: Mama teacher?
Me: I am a teacher! What do you wanna do for work someday?
2-year-old: No work.
Me: What if you have to work?
2-year-old: Pizza.
Me: You wanna be a pizza chef?
2-year-old: No chef.
Me: You just wanna eat pizza?
2-year-old. Eat pizza. No work.
My point being that motherhood doesn't have to be so impossible. We've just decided to make it that way by forcing so much risk and responsibility onto mothers and by denying them easy access to adequate support.
4-year-old: Have you heard of a thing called clam it?
Me: I'm not sure I have.
4-year-old: It's a thing for when you need help from somebody. If you try to do something yourself, and you can't do it, then you say "clam it!" and somebody will come help you.
For context: A study of 2000+ journals found that during the early stages of the pandemic, men submitted substantially more manuscripts than women, but women did just as much reviewing, leading to "cumulative advantages for men." 4/
For more on the social construction of kids' gender and the history of capitalists' role in that process, I'd recommend Jo Paoletti's book Pink and Blue as a place to start.
When my kids' schools stopped requiring masks a few weeks ago, I figured it was only a matter of time until they got it, even if they kept wearing KN95s (except at lunch/recess...) themselves
And now here we are--my second grader has been sick all weekend and tested positive. 1/
The comments and QTs here make me wonder how many US Catholics are aware that a lot of conservative Protestants/Evangelicals don't see them as Christian. And it makes me wonder if knowing that might make Catholics less willing to align themselves with Evangelicals politically.
Okay, so I'm pretty sure
@DanCalarco
wins the pandemic dad award. Not only did he make our 6-year-old a new twirly dress, he also made her a matching mask.
Walking with Kids:
3-year-old: Mommy, can you give me a hug?
Me: Sure, buddy.
3-year-old: Can you give me the kind of hug that's called picking me up and carrying me?
Now, some critics might read this and say: "See--masks and vaccines don't work!" But masks and vaccines are designed to be collective solutions--not individual ones. They're both most effective when we all do our part. And sadly, that's not what I see happening right now. 5/
The
#hiddencurriculum
of academia isn't just hidden from undergrads. It's hidden from grad students, too.
I'm sure we all had things we were embarrassed we didn't know in grad school. So let's tell those stories. I'll go first. (1/many)
Just told an undergrad about graduate assistantships, stipends, & tuition waivers. Her mind was blown. We need to do a better job educating students about
#gradstudent
opportunities - esp for rural, low-income, non-traditional students
#highered
*especially in a country where we not only expect women to be mothers but also expect women (especially mothers) to stand in for our woefully insufficient social safety net
I'm not quite brave enough to turn my kids' art into a tattoo, but I *did* find someone on etsy who would turn my 5-year-old's owl drawing into a crocheted stuffed animal. This is going to be such a cool gift!!!
BREAKING: Indiana legislators just passed an alarming book ban bill that opens schools, teachers, and librarians up to penalties if a parent deems their material "harmful."
Lawmakers did this by quickly and quietly adding language from a dead bill into a separate bill, HB 1447.
Hear me out. What if revenue isn't the primary goal here? What if the real point is to take away verification from the journalists, scholars, and other experts who play a key role in combating misinformation? Pay-for-play blue checks might just be a case of two birds, one stone.
One of my grad students recently got invited to write their first article review for a journal. They asked for my advice on how to approach the whole process, so I figured I'd share some thoughts here.
Next, figure out how you'd cite each reading in a paper (i.e., some research shows that X; some research uses Y method). Then figure out how each reading relates to other things you've read (agreement/disagreement, adding nuance, etc).
Once you can do that, you've read enough.
In related news: The Calarcos are moving to Wisconsin! In September, Dan will start as Deputy CIO of the University of Wisconsin System, and the kids will get a second first day of school. Then I'll join the University of Wisconsin-Madison Sociology Department in January 2023.
The administrator (and sometimes even the faculty) argument against higher PhD stipends often goes something like: "They're getting a free degree--they should just be grateful they're getting paid at all."
But let's think about a few reasons why that logic is flawed: 🧵
Salaries for PhD students in the biological sciences fall well below the basic cost of living at almost every institution and department in the US, according to crowdsourced data
Or maybe: Standards set pre-pandemic aren't reasonable in an ongoing pandemic where families are still getting sick and grieving and where schools are under attack on so many sides.
Breaking News: Test results show the pandemic’s effect on U.S. students: The math and reading scores of 9-year-olds dropped steeply, erasing two decades of progress.
Apparently this is part of
@SouthwestAir
policy - once you check a bag for a flight, they won't give it back to you, even if your flight is canceled and rebooked for another day. Even if checked luggage includes items like carseats that are necessary to leave the airport.
From preschool to grad school, educators assume that students will ask for help if they need if. But what they don't realize is that students - especially students from less privileged backgrounds - may not feel entitled to help and may not trust educators enough to ask.
7-year-old: Will I still be in school when I'm 27?
Spouse: Are you gonna go to grad school?
7-year-old: Do they give you food there?
Spouse: Not enough.
7-year-old: You mean you have to bring your own lunch?!
#gradschool
#phdchat
@drcompton
@raulpacheco
@jeremyfreese
@familyunequal
With abstracts, I typically aim for a 5-sentence model that mirrors the structure of the rest of the paper:
S1: what we know
S2: what we don't
S3: how you answer that question
S4: what you find
S5: why it's important
The founded-by-Christians Ivy League schools are also missing, but that's less surprising, given that they've dropped their religious affiliations over time.
Catholic universities, by contrast, still require students to take theology classes. And yet, they aren't included here.
Mentors shouldn’t knowingly contribute to academia’s culture of cruelty. It’s okay to prepare students for cruelty ("Here's a rough review I got and how I dealt with it”). It’s not okay to inflict cruelty for practice (“I’ll be harsh on you, so you’ll be ready for Reviewer 2”).
🚨New Book Alert🚨
Qualitative Literacy can now be pre-ordered from
@ucpress
.
Other books show fieldworkers how to do ethnography and interviews. Here,
@MarioLuisSmall
and I show readers and users of qualitative research how to tell if it was done well.
Some faculty used the pandemic shutdown as a chance to be wildly productive. Others were trying to support students and colleagues, often on top of disproportionate family responsibilities, which limited time for research/writing or led to burnout if they tried to do it all. 2/
Tenure, grant me the wisdom to know what needs changing in academia, the courage to make and push for those changes, and the serenity to deal with people who stand in the way.
This morning, my 2-year-old screamed and cried and flailed around for 30 minutes - all because he wanted the "red cup." I offered him every red cup I could find in the house, but he just kept demanding the "red one." Turns out "red" actually means yellow.
6-year-old knows that medicine is free in some other countries because I broke my foot when we were in New Zealand last summer, and I didn't have to pay anything for care, which prompted lots of conversations about national health policy.
I can say from personal experience that these skills are highly transferable.
If you find a partner who does complex travel planning, then you've also found a partner who can and likely will do kid activity schedules, birthday/holiday logistics, meal planning, and summer camp.
My boyfriend just sent me an excel spreadsheet labeled “summer travel” with three sheets labeled scenario 1, 2 and 3. Prices and flight itineraries for each. I am in love with this man.
This week, I taught my last class at Indiana University--in January, I'll be joining the Sociology Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
I managed to keep the tears at bay--until my undergraduate honors thesis students surprised me with flowers.
For the last four years, my research team and I have been following an Indiana mom I'll call Brooke, who got pregnant when she was in college, at 19 years old. Brooke was considering abortion, but her parents--conservative white evangelical Christians--talked her out of it. 🧵 1/
My husband and I were both raised Catholic, and neither of us can remember any priests, CCD teachers, or family members mentioning that other groups might question Catholicism's Christianity.
@clhubes
When my mom was pregnant with me and started having contractions at 6am, my dad got up, showered, and went to work, figuring he had plenty of time. She called him later, saying her water broke. He came home and made himself a steak, figuring it was his last good meal for a while.
And yet, it's also important to remember that remote work won't solve the care crisis. And it won't fix gender inequalities in caregiving, either. Because, as my team and I find, when care breaks down, families too often rely on women by default. //
If your professor asks for a literature review, they probably want you to use the literature to make an argument about what we do and don't know about a given topic.
Note: here's an excellent guide to writing lit reviews from
@raulpacheco
And so, when the first group tried to turn all their productivity into publications and started looking for reviewers, the second group was just like--nope. 3/
Me: Okay, you can watch some TV.
6-year-old: Odd Squad!
3-year-old: Sesame Street!
Me: That's not how TV works here. You just have to watch whatever's on.
6-year-old: What do you mean whatever's on?
Me: [tries to explain "real" TV]
6-year-old: That's ridiculous.
Last night, 40 Indiana school districts received bomb threats. And it's hard not to wonder if those threats were retaliation for the protest hundreds of Indiana teachers held at the State House yesterday, demanding more funding and rejecting efforts to ban books in schools.
Last night, when I went into my 9-year-old's room to tell her lights out, I found her reading a dictionary. I asked why, and she said she heard a Florida school banned dictionaries, so she wants to make she knows all the words they don't want kids to know.
My 4-year-old thinks "each other" is actually three different words:
1. our-chuther: "We can support our-chuther"
2. their-chuther: "They can support their-chuther"
3. your-chuther: "You can support your-chuther" (i.e. you can support them)
Language development is fascinating
My second grader is devastated--that she has to miss her last week of school, that we're keeping her isolated from her brother (he's too young to get vaccinated), and that her grandma can't come visit. And I'm exhausted and angry that we've given up trying to stop the spread. 4/
And... now I'm also testing positive. I tried to keep it contained to just my daughter (open windows, fans, masking most of the time), but it's hard (logistically and morally) to fully isolate from your own sick kid.
When my kids' schools stopped requiring masks a few weeks ago, I figured it was only a matter of time until they got it, even if they kept wearing KN95s (except at lunch/recess...) themselves
And now here we are--my second grader has been sick all weekend and tested positive. 1/
It's problematic to assume that women have a fixed preference for staying home with their children just because they express a preference for staying home under current societal conditions.
One of my 4-year-old's classmates has Covid, so his classroom is closed for 2 weeks. We looked into backup care with Care dot com, but there are no caregivers available in our area. So... we're right back where we were last year - caring for kids while working from home. 2/
Given these uncertainties, it's not surprising that many workers (especially mothers) are thinking of leaving the workforce and why others want access to remote work long-term. 6/
Grad students need more explicit training on how to read, analyze, and synthesize (not just summarize) prior research. And how to use that existing literature to build a case for their own research. Those skills shouldn't be left to the hidden curriculum.
Update: We're still here. And my 5-year-old was *super* excited when he opened the new stuffed monster toy that matches the monster he drew/painted in art class at school.
We may be teetering on the edge of collapse, but given how much I appreciate the community I have here, I'm not letting go just yet. So here's a picture of the stuffed toy I had made from my 5-year-old's monster drawing. Hopefully we'll still be here when I get to give it to him.
This week, I turned in what will hopefully be the last major edits on my next book, HOLDING IT TOGETHER: HOW WOMEN BECAME AMERICA'S SOCIAL SAFETY NET. Which made for a very good reason to get dressed up a bit and celebrate.
*coordinating schedules on a day w/o childcare*
Me: I have a PhD defense from 9 to 11.
Dan: I have a fantasy football draft at noon.
Me: Well, I think one of those is more important than the other.
Dan: Yeah, you're just a committee member, but I'm the commissioner this year.
Second: Brooke's case makes clear that universities have an interest in opposing state attacks on abortion--because of how those attacks affect students, faculty, and staff. Yet, as
@nellgluckman
wrote recently about Indiana, that's not happening here.//
Elder Millenials: the last generation to endure the awkwardness of *both* having to call and talk to random parents in order to find out if your friend was free to play and having to text parents you've never met before to ask if their kid is free to play with yours.
It's not clear how workers are supposed to deal with these ongoing care disruptions and with the ongoing (and arguably increasing) health threats to our kids. If my kids' schools are closed this semester, am I supposed to bring them to campus with me while I'm teaching? 5/
The lack of backup care isn't surprising. Our childcare center is struggling to fill positions. Especially with companies like Domino's advertising $15-$18/hr for delivery drivers, it's not surprising that no one wants to do childcare work for $10 or $12 an hour (or less). 3/
My point in sharing Brooke's story is twofold. First: Barriers to abortion have long existed in Indiana, but the state's new near-total abortion ban, signed yesterday, will make fertility decisions even more difficult and make pregnancy outcomes worse. 4/
Brooke decided to continue the pregnancy, but after the baby was born, her parents didn't follow through on their promise of support. Brooke ended up leaving college, living in public housing, and working full time as a childcare provider earning Indiana's $7.25 minimum wage. 3/
9-year-old: I made a friend at camp and she said her favorite color is pink. I feel like I hear that a lot, so I asked and more than 3/4 of the girls I surveyed said pink or purple. Why is that?
Me: Why do you think?
9: Is it that p thing?
Me: If you mean patriarchy then yes.
Given that kids aren't going to be eligible for vaccines any time soon, and with Delta spreading rapidly, we should expect a whole lot more of this to come. I won't be surprised if we end up with a whole bunch more 2-week gaps (or longer) in childcare this fall. 4/
20 years ago, I bumped into
@DanCalarco
at the
@BrownUniversity
dining hall--we were both heading to Model UN after dinner, so we figured we'd walk over together. Along the way, Dan asked if I wanted to go out for a real dinner sometime. The rest is history. ❤️
Professors wonder why students are willing to use AI to cheat, while policymakers are sending the clear message that coursework is just about box-checking--learning no longer matters.
Things I'm reminding myself as I prep a new undergrad course:
1. Less is more
(fewer topics/readings/assignments=deeper engagement, less burnout)
2. Guide their effort
(eg, pre-class ungraded activities to prep for discussion)
3. Consistency is key
(eg, work always due Fri 5pm)