Steve McQueen is not in this photo, but these men were part of the Greatest Escape of the Second World War.
On this
#GreatEscape
weekend, I’ve a few thoughts to share 🧵. Please read on…
Eighty one years ago today, this man led 299 Indian soldiers along the beach at Dunkirk. They were taken off in the middle of the night from the East Mole, and spent the next 3½ years in Britain. His name?
Thread. Giving the V-sign to captors. Around 15,000 Indian soldiers were captured in North Africa & Italy in
#WW2
. They were held by the Germans and Italians for up to 5 years, and almost none of their stories are known. 1/9
His name was Muhammad Akbar Khan. He was a Great War veteran, and one of the very first group of Indians to be commissioned as an officer in the Indian Army, in 1919. Here he is in 1925 with his regimental hockey team.
To find the whole story of Akbar, Abdul Ghani and all their comrades, read my book, published one year ago by
@TheHistoryPress
, and endorsed by
@MishalHusain
I am trying to track down relatives of these 15,000 Indian POWs. For example, in this group photo from a German camp for officers, there’s a
#sikh
officer in the back row. Was this your grandfather? 2/9
After Dunkirk he made friends with Leo Amery, recently appointed as Secretary of State for India. They met at Pribright - this photo also shows ZA Bokhari, who went on to found🇵🇰 Pakistan Radio.
@ColourHeritage
Indian twitter - Can you help?
I’m trying to trace an Indian Army Prisoner of war from the Second World War. He may be in the photo below. His name was Jai Lal, he was born around 1922 in Madina village, Godhana Tehsil, Rohtak, about 90 kms west of Delhi, in
#Haryana
.
M Akbar Khan was to become something of a celebrity during his time in the UK, appearing on the
#BBC
and meeting the King and Queen. Here he is visiting
@ShahJahanMosque
- possibly at Eid-ul-Futr on 2nd November 1940
One of my favourite photos of M Akbar Khan. London, May 1940 with a group from
#ForceK6
on leave, a few days before the German
#blitzkrieg
. In a park, they bump into an old gent walking his dog, who stops for a chat. Perhaps he served in India and wants to practise his urdu...
Not all the Indian POWs were so lucky. There are around 500 Indian POWs buried in
@CWGC
cemeteries in Europe. This is Durnbach in
#Bavaria
, the last home of 64 Indian soldiers. 41 were reburied here, plus a memorial to 23 who were cremated
5/9
Many Indians escaped. Hardip Singh of Punjab regiment was captured at Benghazi in Libya in 1942. Spent over a year in POW camps in Italy until the Italians surrendered, when he took to the hills and joined a band of Italian partisans resisting the Germans.
Picture
@I_W_M
NA5892
The portrait of M Akbar Khan was painted in 1941 by Henry Lamb RA, together with this companion portrait, of Driver Abdul Ghani. Akbar's portrait is in
@I_W_M
, and this one is in
@KelvingroveArt
But there was at least one Indian at
#Colditz
. Birendra Nath Mazumdar was a doctor in the British Army. Captured in France in 1940 by a Panzer officer ‘looking at my colour, very politely said what are you doing here captain?’. Escaped in 1943 and made it to neutral 🇨🇭Switzerland
I would love to hear from families in the UK, South Asia or elsewhere in the world who have stories to share. Stories of hardship or escape, collaboration, maybe even romance. Stories that deserve to be heard. Please get in touch از راہ کرم رابطہ کریں
कृपया संपर्क करें
9/9
I’m afraid it’s still nope. The largest successful escape of the Second World War is almost completely unknown. Over 800 soldiers of the Indian Army escaped from Stalag 315 Épinal in May 1944, a camp holding over 3000 Indian POWs.
@VilledEpinal
In Britain in the 60s and 70s, I grew up with images like these. POW stories were a staple, always featuring white men, usually officers, upper lips stiffened, trying to escape from
#Colditz
and Stalag Luft III. Where were the Indians?
3/9
Some Indian POWs joined the German army, convinced by Subhas Chandra Bose that the way to independence lay in fighting *against* the British Empire. They were posted in 🇳🇱 NL and SW 🇫🇷 France, but saw little active service.
8/9
The vast majority of Indian POWs did what most prisoners did – sat and waited. Captain Anis Ahmad Khan of
#ForceK6
was sustained by prayer, by playing sports, and by parcels from the Indian Comforts Fund He was held in POW camps from 25th June 1940 till 12th April 1945.
6/9
Over the next few weeks, scores of Sikhs, Muslims, Hindus,
#Gurkhas
and Indian Christians could be found in the fields and woods of NE France, heading for neutral Switzerland. This is the only known photo of them en route, on the steps of the presbytère in the village of Etobon.
They were helped by many many local civilians, and crossed the Swiss frontier in large numbers. By the end of June, 500 had reached safety.
500. That was the largest successful escape of the Second World War.
Meet Beant Singh. Born 1917 in Montgomery in Punjab – now Sahiwal in Pakistan. Beant joined the Indian Army in
#WW2
. He was a Dafadar (sergeant) in the 11th Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry – often known as PAVO. 1/4
@MandeepBajwa
Yes indeed. Anis Ahmad Khan is important part of the story of
#ForceK6
. There's a couple of photos of him in the book, including this one, taken in a POW camp.
On May 11th - the 80th anniversary - I will be honoured to be part of a ceremony to lay a plaque at the site of the camp, invited by
@Univ_Lorraine
Film about the project here:
Photo of some of the Indian Graves at Epinal cemetery
@CWGC
Three years after starting my PhD
@UniofExeter
, I’ve handed in my thesis on Indian soldiers at Dunkirk and in the UK in World War Two. I’m now very happy! Look out for the book in 2020.
#PhDone
#PhDlife
Talking of Indian troops in North Africa, did you know there was an Indian part of the Long Range Desert Group
#LRDG
? They went behind enemy lines in the desert, carrying out raids and gathering intelligence, rather like the
#SAS
.
AND the 3 who got away? No Brits, Poles or Aussies, but two Norwegians - Per Bergsland & Jens Müller - and one Dutchman: Bram van der Stok. He was the one who made it across the Pyrenees, helped along the way by kind civilians. Last week I looked at his report in
@UkNatArchives
In fact, the officers at Stalag Luft III were way more multi-national than that. The 50 who were murdered by the SS were of 13 different nationalities, including 5 Aussies, one Czech and 6 Poles, with only 20 Brits among them. None of those who escaped were American.
First, of course, we should remember the 50 escapers murdered by the Nazis. This weekend I’ll be re-watching the film and reading about the true story behind it.
#OTD
11th May 1944; a sunny day in Épinal, a small town on the river Moselle, close to the Vosges mountains and Germany. The scene is set: nobody knows that this quiet French place, untouched by war since 1940, will become the site of the largest POW escape of
#WW2
🧵
@theAliceRoberts
Of course they have one great natural advantage over the UK - they're an island and so can control their borders easily.
Oh, hang on....
The camp was accidentally bombed by the Americans, who were attacking the town’s railway station. Around 70 prisoners were killed, and hundreds escaped into the woods to the west.
Photos from
@ICRC
archives showing the devastation after the bombing
Taken prisoner at El Alamein in June 42, he had an extraordinary career as a POW, with escapes in Italy & France. He was awarded the Indian Order of Merit for his work in starting and running a
#frenchresistance
group in the Haute-Saone department
@Prefet70
of France🇫🇷. See below
Still nope.
Then it MUST be the Crow’s Raid? When 105 French & Commonwealth privates and NCOs followed Aussie private Ralph Churches and 🇸🇮Slovenian partisans 250 kms through the mountains to be picked up by the RAF? Book by Churches’ son
@Danaesidh
Do you know anyone in Madina near Rohtak? It’s possible that he’s remembered there. It’s possible his grandchildren live there and they have a drawer full of letters, photos & strange items from Italy, Germany and France. I would love to get in touch with them and tell his story.
@marcusjdl
I'm so sorry to hear that Marcus. Please come down to Exeter some time, and we'll show you a proper West Country welcome. There are racists everywhere, and some of us are engaged in trying to reduce their influence in rural areas. The work goes on...
So. If the Stalag Luft III escape was not the largest SWW escape, which was?
Perhaps the 26 British army officers who got out of Oflag VB in September 1941, of whom 4 got home?
Or La Grande Évasion by 132 French officers from Oflag XVII-A two years later (2 of them got home)?
Thread - Please retweet.
#OTD
, August 8th 1940, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth met the men of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps in Ashbourne, Derbyshire. Two months before they had escaped from
#Dunkirk
.
#WW2
#southasianheritagemonth
@RoyalFamily
1/11
What on earth might these two chaps have in common? A moustached RAF officer in blue, and an Indian Army cook from Chakwal?
Answer: both escaped successfully from German POW camps during the Second World War
#WW2
🧵
The 2nd thing I find interesting is the nationalities of the escapers. Watch the film and you’d think they were all Brits, with one Aussie, a few Yanks celebrating July 4th, and one Pole, played by Charles Bronson – one of the three who succeeded in making ‘Home Runs’
Three things strike me as of interest in the story as it’s commonly remembered in Britain. Firstly (and briefly) the name ‘The Great Escape’. At the time, it was referred to as a ‘Mass Escape’. It was first called ‘Great’ in Paul Brickhill’s book, published in 1950.
I’m delighted to say that I passed my viva today with minor corrections. Many thanks to my wonderful supervisors Gajendra Singh and Padma Anagol, and my examiners Gareth Curless and
@OxfordYasmin
#PhDlife
@UniofExeter
At 12:00 noon today, I’m on
@BBCRadio4
programme 'antisocial' talking about Muslim contributions in two world wars, including the remarkable Noor Inayat Khan.
@shrabanibasu_
Additional info. He was in the Royal Indian Army Service Corps, attached to the 18th Indian Infantry Brigade. His service number was 904935. I don't have a definitive photo of him, I'm afraid. The photo below is of the 3rd Motor Brigade
'The Great Épinal Escape: Indian Prisoners of War in German Hands' by
@GheeBowman
tells the story of the largest successful escape of the Second World War.
Out this May, pre-order your copy now:
#WWII
#POW
#warhistory
Fascinating talk by ‘Sir’
@DalrympleWill
this evening, looking at Company Artists in India in 18th/19th centuries. I didn’t realise what an interesting hybrid they were, of Moghul and European Enlightenment styles. Did such a fusion happen anywhere else? And how cool is this girl?
@DavidJBlakeBre1
@DPJHodges
Teachers have seen unnecessary deaths of bus drivers, health workers and many other workers because of poor planning. Can you imagine a 5 year old managing to keep 2 metres away from others? The unions are doing the right thing in protecting their members.
@TherealNihal
Do you know these men?
Punjabi Muslim soldiers in Britain & France in World War II, some at
#Dunkirk
. They worked with British soldiers & made friends with Brit villagers.
I’m researching their story in Pakistan. I’d love to get in touch with anyone who remembers them. Please RT
@sean_baillie
@metpoliceuk
You're offended by prayer? Did you try to chat to him at all?
By the way, did you know that at least 1 million Indian Muslims fought for the British Empire in both world wars? Plus many others from elsewhere in the Empire. And that there were Muslim Indians at Dunkirk?
‘There were no P*kis at Dunkirk’
Hope we can reflect on how wrong Bernard Manning was - this is why we need improved education about the diverse contribution in the World Wars
#RemembranceDay
'I studied WW1 and WW2 at school. Not once was I told that over a million Indian soldiers fought in that world war' -
@adilray
@calvinrobinson
says it's 'not a political thing, it's about education' as he responds to calls for black and colonial history to become compulsory.
I was honoured to have helped to make this happen: a service to remember the Indian soldiers of
#ForceK6
buried at
#Kingussie
in Scotland.
@ColourHeritage
. Thanks also to
@AnasSarwar
who read out names
@ScotParl
. Shared heritage, shared history remembered: the research continues.
I've never seen these photos before! Indian troops meeting the Pope in Rome in summer 1944. Also meeting an Indian RC priest. Thanks to
@USI_CAFHR
for the image!
@mhdksafa
Hi Mohamad. If it drains you so much, then take a break! We'll still be here when you're ready to return, and I'm sure the twittersphere can survive without you for a while. Look after Number 1, mate!
So pleased to finally have my hands on a copy of my book ‘The Great Épinal Escape’ published by
@TheHistoryPress
. It arrived in the nickest of time - 5 minutes before I got on the train to take me to Épinal.
@thehistoryguy
A big
#WW2
myth is that 'Britain stood alone' for a year. The Empire was always there, for Heaven's sake!
I like to contrast the cartoons below, Low on left, Fougasse on the right, both from the summer of 1940. I love the relaxed nature of Fougasse's soldiers! And the clouds.
Another Indian POW I’d like to know more about is 5433 Havildar Clerk Ganpatrao Tawde of the 5 Mahratta Light Infantry. 5 MLI had the largest single group of POWs in German hands in the war – around 1200 of them. No confirmed photo of him yet - this is Belgaum '43
@NAM_London
Interesting news about the
#Ramadan
-related display at
@LondonWaterloo
station. I wonder if people know about this painting of the station, from 1942 by Helen Mckie? (Copyright
@V_and_A
)🧵
This week should have been my graduation
#PhDone
, and tomorrow is my 59th birthday! As
@UniofExeter
can’t run any graduation ceremonies for now, my wife and I made our own. Only one thing could have made it better – a hug from
@FloellaBenjamin
@joan503
@BegumNadiya
@ImamDownUnder
Joan: I think the UK can accommodate all kinds of religions and cultures. In fact, it has been doing so for thousands of years! I'd be interested to know where your great-great-grandparents come from
Thread. Proud to be part of this moving protest, organised by
@ExeterCycling
. Last week a woman was killed here by a driver under the influence. She was a popular nurse at
@RDEhospitals
, with two children - the kind of person you want in your community. 1/4
Extraordinary photo from August 1945 of Indian POWs recovered from the Japanese Borneo. They had been taken at Singapore in Feb 1942. Thanks to
@USI_CAFHR
for the photo.
Online graduation
@UniofExeter
was strange, but with some high points, like the Chapel Choir singing Let it Shine, with a dog! Here's my home-made PhD graduation photo
#ExeterForever
Beant Singh then spent several years in
#POW
camps in Italy, Germany and France. Eventually he escaped to Switzerland, where this photo was taken, and came back to India in late 44. I would love to know more about his life and his time in the war.
I’ve been enjoying the
@BBCRadio4
reading of
@BenMacintyre1
’s book on
#colditz
. Last Friday’s episode especially caught my ear, with a section on Birendra Nath Mazumdar.
So here’s a wee thread 🧵on Indian POWs in the Second World War 1/13
Knock me down with a feather! Jeremy Hunt announced £1 million funding towards a UK memorial to Muslim soldiers in both world wars!
#UKbudget
Will that include the men of
#forceK6
- pictured marching in
#Edinburgh
in 1943?
@ColourHeritage
Sikh soldiers with the Dhan Dhan Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Maharaj in special room given in German prison camp, Altenburg, Stalag IV E : 27/06/1941.
These Sikh soldiers were captured in North Africa by Germany's Afrika Korps commanded by General Erwin Rommel
Who’s the richest man in the world? Me
I have a wife whom I love and who loves me. We have two smashing kids. We live in a lovely house in a great part of the world, at peace. I eat and sleep well and am healthy. I do work that interests and absorbs me.
What more could I want?
There were
#Muslim
Indian soldiers in Europe in
#WW2
? At Dunkirk?? Seriously? Yup,
#ForceK6
were there, and are now forgotten. My thesis tells their fascinating stories and explores the processes of forgetting and remembering.
#tweetyourthesis
@ExeterDoctoral
Hey
@tezilyas
- laughed a lot watching Live at the Apollo. Talking of BAME people ski-ing, how about this photo from Switzerland in 1943. Escaped POW Harbakhash Singh enjoying his time on the slopes!
"An absolutely incredible story."
Ghee Bowman speaks to
@FYTWIO
pod about his new book 'The Great Épinal Escape', and the amazing tale of the mass breakout from a camp in Épinal by hundreds of Indian servicemen.
#WW2
#History
@GheeBowman
#IndianArmy
👂
The two Indian squadrons were made up of volunteers from the 3rd Motor Brigade, which had been hit hard at El Mechili. Their officers were Rand, Nangle and Cantlay.
I'm so excited about this launch! And so interested to hear what the reading people of India make of it!
Good luck, little book, as you sail off into the wide world...
THE INDIAN CONTINGENT: The Forgotten Muslim Soldiers of the Battle of Dunkirk by
@GheeBowman
is out today! This groundbreaking work reveals the astonishing story of the Indian soldiers who were evacuated from
#Dunkirk
.
Order here:
#BookTwitter
#WWII
Singh was taken prisoner by the Italians in North Africa. Probably at El Mechili in April '41 (right). This little-known battle, according to one historian ‘must rank as one of the most gallant actions’ of the war, where Rommel was held up for two days. Left: 3rd Indian Motor Bde
@guygrossman
@PhDForum
I tell myself and my PhD fellows that working 60 hours a week is too much, and that we all need a good healthy balance of work, sleep and social life. Let's not normalise this nonsense, please!
(Late)
#OTD
1940. A small detachment of Indian soldiers of
#ForceK6
on train bombed by the Luftwaffe. 4 men were killed, and are buried
@CWGC
Terlincthun. 1/2
Read more about Indian soldiers in France and Britain in the
#SecondWorldWar
in my book The Indian Contingent. British edition published by
@HistoryPress
& Indian edition out on 1st September, published by
@PanMacIndia
Which cover do you prefer?
11/11