Our beloved Chloe passed away on Saturday, just 1 month short of 18 years. 2004-2022.
I've tweeted many images & videos of Chloe over the years & received many wonderful replies. To celebrate Chloe’s life, I’ve added a series of photos & videos below. We miss her so very much.💔
On SW flight from DC to St Louis. Maybe 8 total masked out of 100+. A lot, and I mean a lot, of coughing and sniffling around me. Wonder how many tested today before boarding. I did. We reduce spread of this pandemic by doing whatever we can to be responsible citizens.
Vaccinations are very important. Anti-virals are very important. They save lives.
But this pandemic is not going anywhere until we get serious about lowering inhalation dose, folks.
Doing so is not rocket science. It's techncially simple & just a matter of human will.
Tears. I never wanted to make a cent off anything assoc w/ the
#CorsiRosenthalBox
. Today I received a letter from a child at a Montessori school. In it she thanked me for keeping her & her friends safe from COVID & added that she & her friends built more. What a payment! 🥲
1/ SARS-CoV-2 travels in aerosol particles emitted from an infected individual. You want to reduce the amount of these particles you breathe (lower inhalation dose is important). We know from decades of research that the following lower your inhalation dose of aerosol particles.
1/ Inhalation Dose
It's been about inhalation dose from day 1. We have not kept our eye on the ball. Critical pre-vaccination. Critical post-vaccination. Been writing & speaking about this for nearly 20 mos. Reducing inhalation dose is a must. Come on folks, just do it!
1/ The
#CorsiRosenthalBox
(CR-Box) was intended as an open source, highly effective & cost-accessible air cleaner. Thrilled it has succeeded on all fronts. If you have built a CR-Box please reply with the number you've built and include a photo or two of the box to show others.
1/ Important study of over 10,000 classrooms.
Upshot = lowering concentration of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles in classroom air lowers inhalation dose of these particles and significantly reduces infection. Always been about this, folks.
1/ College students returning to dorms across North America.
Just a reminder that a "classic" 4-5 MERV-13 filter
#CorsiRosenthalBox
in a 220 sq. ft x 9 ft can add between 15 to 27 ADDITIONAL equivalent ACH to the space (depending on flow setting, fan, etc.).
Portable HEPA Filter Systems.
1/ The cost of retrofitting EVERY public school classroom in the entire US w/ a portable HEPA air filter w/ CADR = 300 cfm is approximately $1 billion w/ recurring cost of about $300M/yr for replacement filters. To be clear, EVERY single classroom.
1/ Inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles w/ at least one infector in shared indoor space (two contrasting scenarios).
Everyone wearing a (mediocre vs. high-quality) mask vs. nobody wearing a mask.
This single CR-Box reduces fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in a shared office suite by greater than 98%. It will likely retain its effectiveness for 14 to 18 months based on its predecessor's results at a total cost of $0.90 to $1.16 per month per suite occupant.
"Doctors are grappling with how to help"
For starters, help people not to get infected in the 1st place. Lower exposure to virus-laden aerosol particles, increase ventilation, improve filtration (including portable HEPA & CR Boxes), & N95s (including in health care settings).
The profound toll COVID-19 has had on heart health is only now starting to emerge. Doctors are grappling with how to help.
“We are seeing effects on the heart and the vascular system that really outnumber, unfortunately, effects on other organ systems.”
1/ Kudos to Matthew Oliver, Mark Ungrin, & Joe Vipond. It's an opinion piece, but rooted in logic and truth. For an airborne infectious disease you lower inhalation dose & the ways to do so don't require empirical RCTs. Basic engineering science will do.
1/ Been hearing of some push back by school districts over fears that fan motors on CR-Boxes may overheat and be a fire hazard. This thread addresses those concerns.
1/ Since start of the pandemic there's been one obvious and absolute truth. COVID-19 is an airborne infectious disease. As such, to reduce chance of infection and community spread we must significantly reduce the amount of virus-laden aerosol particles that we inhale. Period.
1/ Challenged by some as to why I am wearing a mask in this video if the CR Box works so well. First, I wear an N95 mask in all indoor shared spaces at work. I do not apologize to anyone for that.
Huge kudos to this co-worker. 13 months and over 3,000 hours of operation. Cost = 4 cents per day per colleague in
@UCDavisCOE
dean’s suite for a signif’ benefit wrt reduction in inhalation dose of aerosol particles. Not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
Here w/
@Poppendieck
,
@linseymarr
, and
@Don_Milton
. Great White House Summit. VERY well ventilated room with numerous good HEPA air cleaners and a uniformly vaccinated and tested (within 24 hrs) participants. Bravo to
@ashishkjha
and colleagues.
Scientists & engineers have given us almost everything we need to drive this pandemic into the ground (vaccinations, great masks, excellent filtration & upper-room UV systems, and (in some cases) effective ventilation systems). The only thing missing is common sense.
1/ Beware - A lot of uneducated and misinformed (at best) garbage being disseminated by those who do not want others to wear masks to reduce their inhalation exposure to virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles.
1/ This CR Box (the one on the right!) has now totaled operational time equivalent to an entire in-classroom school year. Both it and its cohort of three other CR Boxes continue to perform with a high level of effectiveness across a wide range of particle sizes.
Not yet peer-reviewed, but pre-print on SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant raises significant red flags related to dropping protections that would otherwise reduce inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles. Inhalation dose makes the risk of infection, folks.
1/
#CorsiRosenthalBox
economics & value
The overall cost (averaged over 3 yrs) of a very good CR-Box in a 700 ft2 classroom with 25 students (75 students total over 3 years) works out to be approx $4.63 per student per year, roughly 1 Grande Skinny Peppermint Mocha/student/year.
Everyone in my extended family was able to avoid COVID-19 for 3 yrs by using simple, convenient, logical measures to reduce inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles. Then several joined America & let their guard down a bit. You know what happened next ....
1/ So backwards of hospitals and other health care facilities to wait until COVID-19 spread in community is high/severe and systems strained to then require masks/respirators for HCW. This epitomizes reaction vs. precaution and a swing and a miss at do no harm.
1/ COVID-19 Risk Reduction
Positivity rates are currently increasing significantly in many locations. Whether vaccinated (hopefully) or not, the risk of COVID-19 infection can be significantly reduced by lowering your inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles.
Celebrating a grassroots movement in 2022.
If you built 1 or more
#CorsiRosenthalBox
es in 2022, please reply w/ the number you/your org built, & add a photo of 1 (or many!). Built for others? Indicate recipient(s) (without personal names), e.g., schools in. To all of you, 👏
Rarely get A1 on Southwest. But it does make it possible to count masks as others board. 14% on flight from LAX to Sacto. Actually more than I expected.
8/ No rocket science to any of this. No need to wait for RCTs. Reducing inhalation dose is critical and has been from day 1. We know how to do this. Just do it!
It had already gone viral. Now its going wildfire smoke.
Glad to see that the CR Box is helping so many at this very difficult time. It's not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
1/ If we'd only take inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosols seriously. In Canada - COVID-19 funding/person in 2020 was $770/person (much lower now). COVID-19 fatalities nearly doubled between Oct '21 and Oct '22. Wait for it ....
Downed a protein bar and nearly a quart of water before entering airport terminal. Mask ain’t coming off for next 9 hrs. Masking on plane pathetic. 5-10% with some coughing.
Starting an approx 10 to 11 hr day in airports and in air. Sacramento airport count = less than 10% masked at all. Staff with poor fitting surgical masks, etc. Really bad situation,
@FlySMF
.
Just ordered a large number of box fans, MERV-13 filters, and duct tape to have students in my first-year seminar course make
#CorsiRosenthalBoxes
. We will also test them. Next step = finding recipients in community. Not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
6/ If you get fully vaccinated (a gift to humankind) and follow these simple methods (known for decades to over a century in the case of masks) for reducing inhalation dose of aerosol particles you will take a GIANT leap toward protecting yourself and those around you.
1/ 15 minute Rule?
Remember that what matters is the inhalation dose (D) - which is equal to C x B x t x f
C = concentration of SARS-CoV-2 virions in breathing zone air (inside of mask if mask worn) (#/L) embedded in respiratory aerosol particles.
B = .....
2/ Masks: The higher the quality and better the fit the less aerosol particles you inhale that came out of the respiratory system of an infected person. No rocket science here.
Recent dental work. Pointed out to dentist this thing called a
#CorsiRosenthalBox
that achieves 8 x clean air delivery rate than 100 cfm HEPA air cleaner in corner of room. Gave link. Not sure dentist put name & air cleaner together. Hope box there next time. Might bring one!
Mandatory air cleaners in all school classrooms.
Kudos to the South Korean government. And I'll bet they will purchase very good and right-sized systems. It's not rocket science, folks. They're just doin' it!
1/ Me! Here! Please call on me! Over here! Please!
Answer: Significantly reduce inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles.
How? The 3Rs.
Remove the source.
Reduce the source.
Remediate indoor air.
1/ This
#CorsiRosenthalBox
is used in a soils lab that is VERY dirty (extreme conditions). After 630 hrs of operation on medium flow it retained the same CADR as initial testing prior to placement in field. We will soon do a 2nd analysis after 1,260 hours of operation. More ..
5/ The benefit of a mask mandate with everyone wearing high-quality masks (N95 masks) w/ good fit is 400 x lower inhalation dose than nobody wearing a mask.
3/ Ventilation: The greater the amount of ventilation the lower the aerosol particle concentration that originated from an infected individual(s) in the air of indoor spaces. That means you will inhale less. No rocket science here.
1/ In the indoor air quality field, source removal (or avoidance of ever having the source in a space) is a fundamental principle.
“If there is a pile of manure in a space, do not try to remove the odor by ventilation. Remove the pile of manure.” Max von Pettenkofer (1858)
1/ With COVID-19 on the rise (again). Remember, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transported by respiratory aerosols. INHALATION of aerosols is the dominant transmission pathway. Many of us have not wavered on this fact since early in the pandemic. It's about inhalation dose, folks.
COVID hospitalizations increase for 4th straight week
* Southeast US getting hit relatively hard
* Emergency room visits for 0 to 11 yr olds have climbed steeply
* In some regions ER visits by young children > elderly
Be aware. Stay vigilant.
"four scientists involved w/ the White House’s event on Tuesday lamented missed opportunities earlier in the pandemic to highlight the link between the virus and indoor air quality." Yep.
Better late than never, but late has been so devastating.
Rented an AirBnB the past few days. The owner brought by a HEPA air cleaner. I opened it up & the HEPA filter (cylindrical design) was still wrapped & sealed in original plastic. Not sure how long it'd been operated that way, but the HEPA filter was pristine! Fixed the problem.
Just heard from a friend who attended a funeral. Almost no mask wearing. 30+ at funeral infected. Lower inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles to lower probability of infection. Always been the case, folks. Simple steps. Not rocket science.
After 6 long months (starting in Feb) of aerosol scientists & indoor air quality experts bouncing off walls & screaming from rooftops,
The CDC has F I N A L L Y
acknowledged that aerosols = important transmission route for COVID-19. Science is exhausted.
5/ Portable HEPA filters, properly-sized for the indoor space, reduce the amount of aerosol particles in indoor air that came out of an infector's respiratory system. This lowers how much you breathe. No rocket science here.
4/ Improved filtration in HVAC system: Higher MERV-rated filters (if properly seated and maintained), e.g., MERV 13 over MERV 8, means greater efficiency at capturing aerosol particles emitted from an infected individual. That means you will inhale less. No rocket science here.
9/ Increased ventilation and very good room-scale air cleaners can make-up for (negate) the 4 x increase in inhalation dose from universal mediocre mask wearing but cannot come anywhere close to a 400x increase from universal high-quality mask wearing.
Just listened to discussions about reopening schools on 2 different stations, 1 w/ a panel & 1 w/ a medical doctor. Focus ENTIRELY on masks & hand washing. ZERO mention of improved ventilation. ZERO mention of filtration or portable HEPA air cleaners. Going backwards, folks.
Huge kudos to this co-worker. 13 months and over 3,000 hours of operation. Cost = 4 cents per day per colleague in
@UCDavisCOE
dean’s suite for a signif’ benefit wrt reduction in inhalation dose of aerosol particles. Not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
7/ And, of course, avoid non-essential, and especially crowded, indoor environments, wask hands, get tested if you have any concern about being exposed, and quarantine if exposed or feeling symptoms.
Today is 1st workday after mask mandate lift
@ucdavis
. Everyone I've seen in Kemper Hall still wearing masks. Despite great situation we are in
@ucdavis
, I am trying to encourage by example an abundance of caution wrt lowering inhalation dose to respiratory aerosol particles.
8/ So, without masks and with a more transmissible variant that is looking like the infectiousness of measles in our midst, logic and some simple math (not rocket science) should raise concern regarding greater inhalation dose and many more infections.
1/ COVID PCR Test
#28
in past 13 mos. No wait! Hoping for 0 for 28!
Been in a lot of densely occupied indoor meetings this past week. Traveling w/ significant indoor meetings the next few days. Testing just in case I am pre-symptomatic to assure I do not infect others.
Lower inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles leads to lower probability of infection. Not rocket science, folks. Never has been. Just do it! 👇🏻
6/ of course, these are extremes and there is a lot of in between. The main point is that lifting the mask mandate if there is an infector present will dramatically increase inhalation dose receptors if the infector and receptor are each not wearing masks (by 4x to 400x).
As most people are letting their guard down there seems to be a surplus of box fans. Seeing a lot at 1/2 price around Sacramento .... $13 for a 20" x 20" box fan! Just purchased 15. Might be a good time to build that CR box, folks!
1/ The guiding principles of the original
#CorsiRosenthalBox
design were (1) cost-accessibility (reduce disparities in ability to breathe cleaner air) & (2) effectiveness (in range or better of more expensive commercial HEPA air cleaners). (photo courtesy of
@JimRosenthal4
)
Took 2 failed appointments but on 3rd got double jab in the books. New COVID-19 booster & flu. Hanging out for 15 min before drive back to Davis.
Signif’ lower inhalation dose to significantly lower risk of infection. Vaccinate to lower risk of severe outcomes if infected.
Shhhhhhh! A
#CorsiRosenthalBox
in the wild.
Don't frighten it. All it wants to do is to lower your exposure to virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles and other harmful particles. When it purrs you'll know its doing its job.
1/ COVID PCR Test
#29
in past 14 mos. No wait! Hoping for 0 for 29!
Traveled & in a lot of densely occupied indoor meetings this past week and traveling again this week. Testing just in case I am pre-symptomatic to assure I do not infect my wife or others I'll be meeting.
1/ Just saw that a company w/ a relatively expensive air cleaner is criticizing
#CorsiRosenthalBox
es. I wonder why? There are more peer-reviewed journal articles on the CR-Box than their product.
1/ New CDC recommendation on ventilation - as equivalent ACH (eACH). Aim for at least 5 air changes each hour and upgrade to MERV-13 filters. More thoughts below.
1/ Why universal mask wearing in buildings is important
First, the persons infected are unknown. So, if everyone wears a mask the infectors are also wearing masks. Second, everyone else (receptors) get an extra layer of protection for also wearing a mask.
From time of Spanish Flu in 1918 in student newspaper of the University Farm (now
@ucdavis
) - on expts at Harvard Univ showing transport of germs emitted by a researcher who'd gargled with "germ laden liquid".
Last sentence.
Thanks to
@tomgillpredicts
for original find.
In the US we spend approximately $15,000/year to educate a SINGLE student. To effectively reduce virus-laden particles in classroom air using portable HEPA filtration would add a whopping $7-10/student each year to this total. Two Grande Frappaccunios, folks. Proven technology.
Today was my two week mark after Pfizer shot
#2
. I had to go to the store and still wore a very good mask because I like the idea of 100 to 200 x decrease in risk more than a 10-20 x decrease. Zero inconvenience. Glad to see all others wearing masks in the store, too.
In Israel, 8,000 students stayed at home last week after testing (+) for the coronavirus in rapid antigen swab tests conducted at home and distributed to parents. As a result, about 180,000 classmates were not forced into isolation.
"Classroom by classroom, students filed into the school library throughout the day to assemble more than 50 Corsi-Rosenthal Boxes". These schools get it. Great STEM education while lowering inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles. Just do it!
1/ So appreciate
@DrLaPook
's continued focus on the importance of indoor air quality &
@60Minutes
for having
@linseymarr
&
@j_g_allen
on the show to discuss the fact that COVID-19 is an airborne infectious disease & has always been despite claims of many "authorities." GR8 job!
A demonstration by Prof. Linsey Marr uses mannequins and a fogger to illustrate how air circulation in a room is altered by the level of ventilation, and how that can impact the transmission of viruses like COVID.
Getting new COVID booster Sunday in advance of a busy fall term w/ lots of travel & long in-person events. Still wearing an N95 respirator in indoor meetings to lower inhaled dose of SARS-Cov-2 laden respiratory aerosol. HEPAs & CR Boxes across
@UCDavisCOE
. No hassle at all.
5/ That bears repeating. The cost to put a very good portable HEPA filtration system in every classroom in US is less than $10/student/yr, with recurring filter costs of around $3/student/yr. And a substantial reduction in inhaled dose. What's the cost of a textbook? Mic drop.
2/ Reducing Inhalation dose using layered interventions is still important, whether unvaccinated or vaccinated (breakthrough cases), in close contact (near field) or far field in the same indoor space, in a car or classroom, in a restaurant or apartment, young or old.
When I was in high school (cough) decades ago I wanted to be an engineering student
@ucdavis
so badly, but was denied admission. Now I'm the Dean of the College.
Never give up on your dreams. Never, never, never give up on your dreams.
@UCDavisCOE
1/ SARS-CoV-2 concentrations are skyrocketing in wastewater across California. Results below for the Hyperion treatment plant that serves a large fraction of City of Los Angeles wastewater.
2/ Everyone wearing a mask serves to reduce emissions, lower concentration in air, and reduce inhalation by receptor. Nobody wearing a mask leads to neither benefit.
"We are nuts not to be building thousands of these right now ".
I would have just gone with hundreds of thousands. 😉
Thanks to
@DFisman
for a sharp, clear and correct statement. 👇
Corsi Rosenthal boxes outperform commercial hepa cleaners, even when set on low. That means they provide more clean air without being noisy. And they’re cheap.
We are nuts not to be building thousands of these right now
1/ The cost to educate children in the US is approximately $15,000/child/yr. The cost (capital + filter replacement + electricity) of a high-end
#corsirosenthalbox
w/ bulk materials order is less than $3/child/yr.
Lowering inhalation dose or virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles leads to lower probability of infection.
It's always been that way. It's never been rocket science, folks. 👇
#Schools
latest research for benefits of ventilation & filtration in classrooms 1/
🇨🇭“Classrooms with higher CO2 levels (poor ventilation) experienced more than 60% higher chance of Covid-19 outbreaks”
Houssein Gorji
#WHOIndoorAir
(vid
@mdc_martinus
)
Really? Really? What's up,
@lapublichealth
? Disappointed you've not yet figured out that COVID-19 is an airborne infectious disease.
Tools: N95 respirator in crowds (particularly indoors), increased ventilation, improved central filtration, portable HEPA & CR Box air cleaners.
There's an uptick in
#COVID19
cases in Los Angeles County. Get tested if you have symptoms such as fatigue, muscle aches and fever. Staying home if your are sick and washing your hands frequently will help keep you and others safe.
Since the school year is about to begin I thought I'd post this NPR article from the summer of 2021 about a highly effective means of lowering virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles in classroom air ... It's not rocket science, folks.
1/ Reducing respiratory aerosol particle concentrations in dorm rooms.
I have heard from parents who have children returning to dorms at universities across North America. The
#corsirosenthalbox
can help with these situations a lot! Really a lot, folks. read on.
Layered Risk Reduction Works
1/
@ucdavis
has done a great job of protecting its community. 99% vaccinated, regular PCR asymptomatic testing for all, mask requirements in all buildings, N95 masks available to all students.
1/ Last week, children accounted for 28.9% of COVID cases. Children make up 22.2% of US population.
Across U.S., approx 2,200 kids are in hospitals for COVID-19.
More than 1.2 million children have tested positive since they returned to classrooms.
UNACCEPTABLE.
Nominations for 2023
#CorsiRosenthalBox
Awards are now being accepted!
Please retweet to spread the word!!!!
Reply to this tweet with nominations (self nominations highly encouraged!). Just do it!
Rules and
#CRBoxAward
categories are provided in this long thread. 1/
@JimRosenthal4
Similar story with a relative of my wife. Went to a small indoor funeral service (30 people) with ZERO masks worn about a month ago. All 30 developed COVID. Everyone. Several severe cases. Can't get specs on bldg. In a part of the US where COVID is downplayed & masks rare.
3/ Inhalation dose associated with virus laden aerosol particles is defined by the same variables (whether close contact or far field ---- don't bicker about one or the other - I've previously tweeted about this):
Dose(inhal,i) = C(i) x B x t x fdep(i)