Anurag Kadian @kadian_anurag Twitter profile

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Anurag Kadian

2 years

New model for peopling of India. Main conclusion, most Indian caste and tribe populations have up to 60% or higher common ancestry from a single Palaeolithic node we label as Indian Palaeolithic One here

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Please read our latest post related to the global spread of Bos indicus (Indicine/Indian cattle) on the Indogenes blog, here

Spread of the Bos Indicus

An overview of the geography and timeline

indogenes.substack.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

@Jaambudweepa it's a done deal now that I've discovered Professor Luders' entire work. All d pain he took to uncover ancient textual evidence to prove that the direction of movement was unequivocally in one direction between ancient India and E Turkestan, salute @ThunderBearFire

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Thread on #Ror history as told by traditional historians Several people on this platform have requested me to share some details about the traditional narrative on #Ror history. So, I'm starting this thread today but it may take a few days to complete 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Here is Neeraj's grandmother clearly saying he has done wonders for the Ror biradari (notice there is no mention of Maratha, haha). It's sad this needs to be shared just to dispel the myths being propagated by a few people on this platform

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 years

Excellent work by @gyanc7 , Kudos!

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

Modern high steppe populations from North India likely to have West Eurasian admixture through maternal ancestry

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

The question I have is this, how can you indianize an Indian people. Of the mummies found at Xiaohe dating from 2000BC, most were yDNA Hg R1a and the last K*. This combination in a population is interesting; R1a could be argued to be from the steppes on its own but 1/2

देवसख

@Devasakha

3 years

One of the earliest Mural from what is today's Xinjiang in China depicting king honoring sages. This is a scene from Vessantara Jataka, dateable to around 3rd century CE. Xinjiang was Indianized by the start of common era.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

This 2020 paper by Arnason and Hallstrom is worth serious consideration. Southern Eurasia, including India, may represent the origin spot of the Homo Sapien Sapien or the modern human species

The reversal of human phylogeny: Homo left Africa as erectus, came back as sapiens sapiens -...

Background The molecular out of Africa hypothesis, OOAH, has been considered as an established fact amid population geneticists for some 25–30 years despite the early concern with it among phylogen...

hereditasjournal.biomedcentral.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Looks pretty and mesmerising

Raji M Burra.

@rmburra24

1 year

Hazararamaswami temple in Hampi.Karnataka.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

@NirajRai3 Excellent work, @NirajRai3 and @gyanc7 The Reich Narasimhan model was always very susceptible to weaknesses from multiple angles. For instance, they attribute some of their clines to cattle spread but we know the more ancient spread is of bos Indicus and it's herders 1/2

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Just ran Snappy on our 2018 paper data and found one of the Gujjar samples to be R1b1a2-V88, which is ancestral to West European R1b and also a backflow to Africa participant. What an amazing discovery, sometimes it's awesome to re-analyse old data :) @apatk @gyanc7

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

"These were tall people; the range of estimated stature for males is from 174 to 192 cm" Kenneth Kennedy describing the 10 to 12ky old human specimens discovered at Sarai Nahar Rai (Pratapgarh, UP)

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Read our blog everyone. It can be found here

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

Amazing analysis out of the new Iranian plateau paper. NW Indians and Pakistanis carry the hub population signature, and the authors are unable to rule out the OOA hub having been in N India

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Hello friends and followers! Please watch a new video where we discuss implications of Shriner's "Ancient human migration after out of Africa" paper and how it supports an early Indian impact on European ancestors

An early Indian impact on Europeans

We use Daniel Shriner's paper on 'Ancient human migration after out of Africa' to understand the earliest contact between ancestors of North Indians and earl...

www.youtube.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

We call these people the Bharatas, who are remembered regularly in the utterance "Jambudvipe BharatKhande BharatVarshe"

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 month

A thread on genetic distances of different Indian groups to various ANI (Ancestral North Indian) proxy populations. We don't aim to push propaganda here to favour any one of these populations over the others. Let's start with Kalasha 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Sri Krishna's lineage identified through the Samdhyan gotra, who are descendants of Samba (son of Krishna and Jambavati). It is R1a Z2125

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 months

Autosomal analysis results for a Ror from Sagwal gotra, 38% ENF combined with 30% ANE and 16% WHG/EHG

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

The Rajputs in the Indian Human Origins data are most definitely Haryanvi (or have a major/majority representation of HR Rajputs) based on the placement on this PCA plot

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Har Har Mahadev! #Mahashivratri2023

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Okay guys! @yajnadevam this graph has been tested by me multiple times and more or less this is fixed, i.e., it doesn't change a lot. I've now included the Rakhigarhi sample. ANI (Ror) is very interesting as it gets 57% from a basal source @agenetics1 @eRahulChawla @apatk 1/2

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Desi ghee is certainly quite healthy. Most heart problems are caused by refined or super refined vegetable oils

Rakesh Krishnan Simha

@ByRakeshSimha

3 years

Desi ghee is good. Don't let the MNCs scare you away from it. Part 1

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

The 1500BC era wheat barley combo in the Tarim basin again points to Haryana, Rajasthan, Sindh area. Best part is after that legumes came into the region, which also seem to have been transmitted through Kashmir. How can Indian scholars ignore all of this evidence?

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Maharashtra has some very early Holocene era sites (10,000 BP), this is a very important fact. Just bringing it to my friends' notice here

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

We used DATES to look into the oldest Iran Neolithic like and Andaman HG like admixture event in the whole genome samples collected from the Rors of N India. Results surprisingly vindicate @NirajRai3 . I'm more than happy to confirm that earlier than 3600ybp (centre of range) ANI

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

We use find graphs functionality in admixtools 2 to validate Professor Luders' conclusion that Loulan in Xinjiang was established out of Roruka in Sindh. We also show that present-day Ror population from the Haryana region is a good proxy for this input to the Xinjiang region

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Bronze age Indian contact with the Tarim Basin

Examining the works of Prof Luders and J P Mallory

indogenes.substack.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Oh no! Just got news that dad has dengue, can't even visit him from overseas. Get well soon, Pita Ji

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

#forgottenhistory Jauhar detected in the genealogical records of Dahiya (Jharautia) Rors. Back calculation from the date of establishment of their present village of Gudha gives a time estimate coinciding with Balban's era

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

This is why you don't use Saka/Kushan/Hun/Kangju for modelling any admixture into India. They are clearly 'out of India' warriors on the steppe

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

All the lineages captured are either from the subcontinent proper or in the case of yDNA C1 from the Trans-Himalayan region

Joseph T Noony

@JoeAgneya

3 years

New Paper- -42,000 yrs ago, a grp of H Sapiens reached Bachi Kiro cave, Bulgaria -En route they interbred with Neanderthals -They plot closer to Ust’Ishim & Oase1 samples than W Eurasians -Y haplogroup-Basal F-M89 (Indian) & C1 -Mitochondrial DNA M(Indian)

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Alright folks! Have finally updated my analysis from last year to include Zlaty Kun, Bacho Kiro and a few other interesting samples. Please also note that the results for 'Ror' here are updated based on whole genome sequencing

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Turns out one of the inscriptions on the Dilli Meerut pillar is talking about a Ror person called Vira Pala. The date on the inscription is VS 1369 or 1312 AD #Ror #Kshatriya

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Never expected it to be a simple picture; this is the most likely scenario of how North Indian genetics has come about. My proposed date, based on this, of the ethnogenesis of modern day North Indians is 5-6th millennium BC.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

A great paper to understand how Bronze Age entrants into Europe showed South Asian affinities. The South Asian component shows up in most samples

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Friends! In response to the excellent critique done by @agenetics1 on the previous phylogeny using eight admixture events, we changed a few parameters and this new graph was run using a much higher SNP count (~300k) and fewer admixture events

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 months

Most certainly incorrect, please check The South Asian Genome 2014 by Jaspal Singh, Weihua et al. ANI rich Indians share a far greater number of alleles with both Africans as well as Europeans. Essentially, if we imagine an ancestral Indian group minus ANI, it simply can't look

Joan Francesc Oliveras

@JoanFrancescOl1

4 months

Hypothetical reconstruction of a man from the #IndusValleyCivilization with higher levels of AASI ancestry. The Bronze Age population of the Indus was a mix of indigenous AASI (Andamanese-like) and Neolithic Iranian ancestry, to varying degrees. They lacked the Aryan component

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Saare Ror aur Jat bhaiyon ko mubarak ho

Fives🚩

@Kishkinda2

3 years

Congrats @kadian_anurag 🥳

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Oldest paternal lineages in the Indian subcontinent's aDNA record: 1) L - M357 (attested at both Swat and Shahr-i-Sokhta) 2) E1b1b (Swat) 3) J2a (Shahr-i-Sokhta) 4) R1a (Swat) 5) G2a (Swat) 6) H1a (Swat and Shahr-i-Sokhta) 7) R2/R2a (Swat) 8) J1 (Swat) 9) Q (Swat)

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

18 days

This is a very incorrect conclusion based on incomplete Indian data. This paper is missing North Indian and Pakistani evidence, which would conclusively prove this to be a northern subcontinental rather than a West Asian phenomenon

Nrken19

@nrken19

18 days

Human Y chromosome haplogroup L1-M22 traces Neolithic expansion in West Asia and supports the Elamite and Dravidian connection

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Very interesting results from the Vahaduo app. It shows I have close to 6% neanderthal ancestry. The complete breakdown it gives for my ancestry is: Iran Mesolithic 52.4%; Oase1 Upper Palaeolithic 41.8%; Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal 4.2%; finally, Ancient Neanderthal 1.6%

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 years

@tjoseph0010 @ProfVemsani She is right, Mr. Joseph! To understand her idea you need to be aware of this back migration into North and East Africa from the Indian subcontinent around the Holocene. Basal Eurasian bloodlines were involved

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Aditi in pole position, keep chipping away for another two days. Glory would be yours #aditiashok

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

This is a myth-buster thread as there still seems to persist a significant group among Haryana Rors who continue to ignore scientific evidence to claim a Maratha connection via the third battle of Panipat. This is mostly a fact based thread (no emotions allowed) 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

@NirajRai3 @gyanc7 So, any model that is not able to resolve this migration out of the Indus valley, North and West India is bound to be a bit forced (euphemism). Similarly, there are other weaknesses, some of which are highlighted well (indirectly) in the 2019 paper by Aleksandr Semenenko

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Short thread on reanalysis of the historical relationship between Central Asia and India @WISEcheeky1

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 years

Wow! I want to speak Tamil, too

JagatGuruDas

@JagatGuruDas

4 years

This Japanese gentleman has been learning Tamil only for 2 months. But he speaks Tamil much better than the most dravidian loonies.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Lot of speculation going on about Ror and their relationship to Marathas since yesterday. Please refer to our (Pathak et al) 2018 paper, here

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Guys! New video discussing the inadequacies of the Aryan invasion on India theory. Please feel free to watch and share

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

What we have presented here is admixture analysis of X chromosome (excluding the pseudo-autosomal region)

Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

Modern high steppe populations from North India likely to have West Eurasian admixture through maternal ancestry

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

The immediate ancestor of Indian Palaeolithic One, the node labelled Indian Palaeolithic Zero here is also the ancestor of EHG and many Central Asian populations with similar ancestry profile as EHG

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

As per the bards there are two fundamental branches among the Ror, one owing its origin to the Suryavamsa and another deriving from the Yayati branch of Kshatriyas (Chandravamsa) 2/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Very logical given we had achieved domestication at an early date. Cattle and buffalo domestication are equally complex or simple. Therefore, it makes sense buffalo domestication happened very close to bos indicus domestication

Yaudheya

@Mahakrodha

2 years

At Bhirrana "Bones of domestic buffalo although few were identified in all the periods"(Arati:2016) Let me repeat "in all periods" Oldest period can be dated to 9600 BP to 8000 BP So this evidence shows the earliest domesticated buffaloes came much before 8000 BP

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Hail the Brahmins and especially those of them who do bardic work! Need to share this amazing piece of information shared by the bards with everyone. So, there is gotra in my relationship circle called Samdhyan and one of their big villages is called Jamba 1/2

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

R1a in conjunction with K* points to a movement from the Indian subcontinent. It's not just isolated to the paternal lineages, many of the maternal lineages found U7, M5, H etc have also been observed in Haryana. We can extend this to crop patterns, again 2/3

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

The problem with genetics in relation to modelling of Haryana populations is that the only reference ancient genomes are collected from the steppe region. As per oral history (bards have a detailed narrative), Rors started in Prayag, had a long association with Northern Gujarat

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 months

R-Y7 spread pattern - the Chinese spread till Liaoning coincides with the discovery of Prakrit injunctions (Mallory et al) issued by the administration of the Loulan kingdom operating out of Xinjiang (East Turkestan)

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 years

@AgentSaffron That perfectly exemplifies the assymetry that exists in how the natives perceive the foreign ideology and how the adherents of the ideology perceive the natives

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Same story with Thanesar. Spooner's excavations show it was a dazzling place in its heyday, sacked by Ghazni in the 11th century. After that, it didn't take long for the famed citadel founded millennia ago by Kuruvanshi Raja Dileep to turn into a mound (Harsha ka tila)

sai priya

@priya_27_

3 years

every time I read about hampi I die a little inside

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

By corollary, Mauryas would be #Ror too as they have been known to be related to both Maukharis and Gupts in the estimation of several scholars. The Bhumihar Ror genetic similarities may have a solid historical foundation, it appears to me

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Please read the latest post on our blog using the link shared here. In this post, we present a detailed discussion on the recently proposed model for the "Peopling of India"

Deep Palaeolithic roots of Indian subcontinental populations

Exploring a new model to explain the genetic variation in the Indian subcontinent

indogenetics.substack.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 month

@sridev_yogi Significant presence of the blue eye allele in the subcontinent: The 1000 genomes cohorts from all corners of the subcontinent have a decent presence of this polymorphism. UP Brahmin - 10%, Punjabi in Lahore - 9.5%, Bengali (B'desh) - 8%+, Tamil, Telugu and Gujaratis 3-6%

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 months

@VishnuN70701353 @yogeshk55487839 Guys! It's game over, attached are two powerful pieces of evidence. Paternal hg F* contour map in India and a hierarchical cluster tree of Hg Q from Poznik et al. 1/2

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

The birth of Harsha in Thanesar, 12th day of the Krishna paksha in the month of Jyeshtha

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

@yajnadevam @rebutta07588833 @agenetics1 @Birdie4canary @thehindumapper @ernstjag9001 @ElstKoenraad @cookiec75190643 @TrueShoebill @arya_amsha @eRahulChawla @nivrittijnandev @King72384612 @S1L3NT_WARR10R @ThunderBearFire Important things to bear in mind is that most of the world's population lived in the subcontinent and SE Asia between 45 and 20 ka. Quoting from

Population increase and environmental deterioration correspond with microlithic innovations in...

Genetic studies of South Asia's population history have led to postulations of a significant and early population expansion in the subcontinent, da...

www.pnas.org

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

This is the simplified view presented by Arnason and Hallstrom. I must say this does agree very well with the lower proportion of neanderthal ancestry in Africans

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 month

@VishnuN70701353 @yajnadevam BTW, it seems like blue eyes may have been common in the IVC. 40% of the Shahr-i-Sokhta BA2 samples appear to have the allele. So, we don't need to correlate this feature in the subcontinent to any steppe carriers

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Zebu presence in Central Asia and Turkestan started 3000 to 2500 years B.C. It also confirms the view once expressed by Frederiks who believed that zebu had appeared in Turkestan before they came to Mesopotamia or at least they spread into the two regions at the same time.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

@Aashu_Shaahee starting that thread you suggested here with many useful articles in one place

Ancient Human Migration after Out-of-Africa

Scientific Reports - Ancient Human Migration after Out-of-Africa

www.nature.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

A point worth noting is that there isn't a lot of drift between Indian Palaeolithic Zero and Indian Palaeolithic One, which means these are nearly the same (identical) group of people

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Bada bhai to Haryana hi hai, mere bhai! Yeh kuchh sadiyon ka itihaas jiske adhar pe Unionist vichardhara k log Punjab ko bada bhai batane lage hain. In logo se main kahunga Vedic itihaas utha k dekho, Kuruvamsa ka itihaas dekho, bada bhai sada se Haryana hi tha

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Happy Diwali friends!

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 month

Would anyone here know if Bhumihars are closely related to certain Brahmin clans? I'm asking because some of the Fst (genetic distance) estimates are extremely low

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Chakravartin born among Ror once again

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

24 days

There's a missing hunter-gatherer in the Indian archeological record. Being a bit more specific, there's a hunter-gatherer, other than the Andamanese hunter-gatherer related group, that also played a major role in the formation of modern Indians. 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

10 months

An early incidence of Sati, from the Tughlaq period, noticed in Kadian Ror genealogical records #Karnal #Genealogy

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

This thread is going to be dedicated to Raul-vel, possibly one of the oldest hindi poems dating to the 11th century. It was found inscribed on a rock in Dhar (Malwa, Madhya Pradesh). Both towards the beginning and end of the poem, the words "Ror Raul-vel" appear 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 months

Similar to the results from the Rakhigarhi ancient sample given out by @NirajRai3 and Prof Shinde, we fail to detect steppe ancestry prior to 2050ybp (centre of range)

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

4 months

Janmabhoomi mam puri suhavani, Uttar disi bah Sarju paavani | Jaa majjan te binahi prayaasa, mam sameep nar paavahi baasa |

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Starting with the Yayati branch, the narrative goes that Durdaan was born in this lineage and he shifted from Prayag to Northern Gujarat, where he founded a city by the name of Khatkanagari 3/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Tejinder Singh Walia reports a letter, from the Officiating DC of Thanesar McNeil, in his Dastan-e-Haryana 1857 that the Ranghads and Rors of Bangar love their weapons as much as their children

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

@ProfVasant Dear Professor! As promised please find our latest article that validates your model for the Rakhigarhi people using a completely different set of populations

The Rakhigarhi lady

Support for an Upper Palaeolithic founding of modern-day Indians

indogenetics.substack.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

This thread is dedicated to the Reddy, Raju, Kamma, Velama, Bhatraju, and Kapu populations. We'll try to include all existing papers or samples if we are able to access/find them. Please feel free to contribute to this thread 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Big news, maternal Hg L3 has been reported in India

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

5 months

Genetics is such a powerful resource. Today, I would like to share with my friends and followers how genetic genealogy can be used to confirm historical hypotheses 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

@aashushaahee @Aashu_Shaahee a short new thread on early Indian migrations into the Tarim basin and Central Asia

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

New blog post on the Indogenes substack, guys! Worth reading for anyone interested in understanding early Indian impact on West Eurasia

Holocene era movements out of the subcontinent

Early Indian impact on the peopling of West Eurasia

indogenes.substack.com

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

As promised previously, I'm now posting my recent analysis of Indian-like populations since the Palaeolithic era in three parts, this being a comparison of Indians with Palaeolithic era Europeans 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

A thread on Brahmins' relations with the Ror We'll try to shed some light on this topic using a few historical incidents. The first incident we shall talk about is related to a Brahmin girl's abduction by the Saiyyads of Nissing 1/n

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

The CHG Birhor (alternatively, Irula ancestors) admixture in North India can be older than 200 generations. The snapshot here is from a 'Malder' output using Ror as the reference for N Indians

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

I can't believe my eyes, Indians are one. Just look at how close Irula and TN Yadava plot to North Indians and Swat LBA here

Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

Locus of the spread of lactose tolerance: More to come in this series

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 month

Hello friends! Please give me some feedback on this hierarchical clustering of Indian subcontinental populations based on Fst (genomic differentiation estimates) distances. I'll try to refine this analysis further based on your views 🙏

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

A fifth century Indic king of Kashgar in Central Asia, by the name Vasuyasas, being praised by the Brahmins or monks for his donations

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

2 years

This is precisely why Harischandra Rohilladhi, ancestor of Pratiharas, was not a Brahmin even though his epithets include words like 'Vipra'

Dr. Satyan Sharma

@sharmasatyan

2 years

At several places in the Ṛgveda, Sāyaṇācārya takes the word 'vipra' to mean 'medhāvin' (the one who possesses medhā). It seems that the early use of the word 'vipra' was not in the sense of a person of the Brāhmaṇa varṇa.

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

10 months

As per Maria Ivanova, Maikop had a homeland in South Central Asia (includes parts of North India and Pakistan). Whole genome data in my possession supports this because Ancestral North Indian proxy (Ror) can be modelled as 50% Maikop and 50% Riang (a NE Indian group)

Nemets

@Peter_Nimitz

10 months

Steppe Maykop mystery grows - some of them or a related group had reached southwestern Ukraine by early 4th millennium BC:

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

1 year

Instead, those people were replaced by genetically distinct Hunter-gatherers who carried ancestry from parts of SW Asia (presumably, Sindh included) and trekked into N Italy by 17kya, as the ice age began to wane Paraphrased from

Ancient DNA unveils disparate fates of Ice Age hunter-gatherers in Europe

Ancient DNA unveils two regional populations that lived in what is now Europe and made similar tools but met different fates.

www.sciencenews.org

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Anurag Kadian

@kadian_anurag

3 years

Desi ghee is a source of vitamins A, C, D, K and E. Vitamin E has significant antioxidant properties and been linked to lowering the risk of cancer, arthritis, and cataracts. Vitamin E can also help reduce the risk of heart disease

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