Psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis. Warriors. my tweets are impressions of the struggles, and evolutions of my learning, which is realizing how much I donβt know.
Iβm noting keywords or ideas here for psychotherapy that are having greater meaning for me day by day. Will add more as I go. A lot is learning from
@JonathanShedler
and the community
Ogden: βThe interpretations made by a [therapist] who is to wed to a particular βschoolβ of [psychotherapy] are frequently addressed to the [therapist] himself (to his internal and external objects) and not to the person patient.β
Some lessons of psychoanalysis of being a therapist:
Know your love
Know your hate
Know your sadism
Know your (moral) machoism
Know you narcissism
Know your dependency
Know your desire for omnipotence & omniscience
Know your depressive tendency and position
Know your eroticism
Our favorite Nancy McWilliams- βIf superficial emotional support did anything substantial for a personβs self-esteem, then anyone with friends would not need psychotherapy.β
One of my turning points as a therapist
I was a strong believer in short-term treatment. Part of it was due to where I worked, where it was (and still is) way too many patients and way too little therapists.
The other part was i also believed it was true that
Just realized Dr. Bergmann passes away in 2014
βWhen I am meeting new patients for the first time, I try to put them at ease by saying, βI know itβs not easy to start talking about yourself to a stranger, but what would be helpful for you to tell me to better understand you?β
Not in analytic training myself, but this paper On Becoming a Psychoanalyst by Gabbard and Ogden (2009) π Bion is quoted. βThe analyst you become is you and you alone; you have to respect the uniqueness of your personality - that is what you useβ¦β
Gabbard:
βTo some degree, then, therapists must ultimately fail their patients.β
βSimilarly, therapists who are beginning their practices need to mourn the loss of their cherished fantasies of healing others and shielding them from anxieties, stresses, periods
Ogden: βThe analyst, when talking to a patient in his own voice, does not sound "like an analyst"; his voice is that of an ordinary person speaking to another ordinary person in a way that is personal to the other person and to the history of their relationship.β
Lemma: βIf we always pre-empt the patientβs efforts to understand himself, we are like the mother who upon seeing her child reaching out for for an object always leaps in and hands it to him, depriving him of an opportunity to experiment with his own abilities.β
Thomas Ogden - βWhen [therapists] and [patients] are able to think and speak for themselves, they do not use βborrowed language,β e.g. jargons, cliches, and technical terms.β
βA therapist who has not resolved his or her own conflicts about omnipotence, sadism, or dependency will have difficulty setting preconditions for treatment as part of the initial contract.β
Thatβ¦makes a lot of sense
Gabbard (2005) - βIndeed, the approach to psychoanalytic treatment has changed dramatically since the time of Freud. It is ironic that many of the attacks on psychoanalysis have critiqued a model of psychoanalysis that resembles 1890βs Freud
Does any one have similar experiences? The more I learn and practice diagnosis from psychoanalytic perspective, the less patients I see who actually meet criteria for DSM disorders.
Could be wrong but Iβm going for it -
Saw yet another example where ideas get recycled but presented or received as new
The Body Remembers came out in 2000
The Body Keeps The Score in 2014
David Allen quoted by McWilliams in Psychoanalytic Diagnosis
βIf we miss opportunities to interpret, they will occur again and again. But if we mishandle the transference, the treatment is in trouble.β
I find myself again pat the part of reading/learning where nothing makes sense anymore.
Just exactly when do I get to know know whether I am helping my patients? Iβm starting to think sometimes we donβt get to know. Sometimes doing therapy requires a leap of faith
Neuroscience is so important and yet I struggle with the feeling of βcan we just skip to the part where you tell me how this is relevant to therapy?βπ
Ogden sharing a story about Bion, who responded to an analyst presenting a case βchastising herself for the inadequacy of her interpretations.β
βBion, nearly 80 at the time, commented: βIf you had been practising analysis as long as I have, you wouldnβt
Gabbardβs law βAdjust the treatment to the patient, not the patient to the treatment. Patients supervise us and teach us. We are wise to allow ourselves to learn from their feedback.β
Buechler: βTherapists often bear intense loneliness without having the relaxation of being alone.β
βClinicians live with constant uncertainty, paradox, and surprise.β
βNot everyone can be reached by psychotherapy, not every person who wants help finds psychoanalytic approaches congenial, and not every therapist-patient dyad works out well.β
Some musing on my experience with Carl Rogers
He was my absolute favorite therapist growing up. Still top 3. Read On Becoming a Person and A Way of Being multiple times. Watched his sessions. Read his biography. Deeply resonated with his work. Wanted to carry on his work
βThe therapist is deprived of the illusion that it is his or her clever formulations that created that change, a frustration that it takes a good deal of training to be able to give up.β
McWilliams
McWilliams was asked what sheβs really passionate about - βAppreciating individual differences and not presuming that you know other peopleβs psychology before you let them teach you about it.β
Started reading Bettelheimβs Freud and Manβs Soul. Key take aways even in the first pages
- Freud has been terribly mistranslated
- Freud was a humanist, he cared about our souls, what it meant to get to know ourselves deeply, and how terrifying that can be
Some meta-messages I have encountered in therapy -
- I can be understood
- Nothing is too frightening or ugly to know
- Someone wants to get know me, & what I really think and feel
- Thereβs someone who believes in me and wants me to get the most out of life
Thomas Ogden -
βpsychological pain is necessary to the analytic process. Pain marks the path and determines the sequence of the psychological work that needs to be done.β
@JonathanShedler
: βItβs really hard to do therapy once a weekβ¦it takes more skill to do that than to do therapy twice a week or three times a week, and the reason is itβs very hard to move beyond the catch-up of the events of the week, and to get to the enduring psychological
New episode! βBeginning Treatmentβ with
@JonathanShedler
Big wins:
1. How to find an initial purpose of treatment
2. Role play !!
iTunes:
Spotify:
YouTube:
More McWilliams: βA primary aim of psychodynamic therapy is the fostering of clientβs capacities to solve their own problems. This effort requires an atmosphere of joint exploration rather than the compliance of one party with the expert agenda of the other.β
βBefore every session, I take a moment to remember my humanity. There is no experience that this man has that I cannot share with him, no fear that I cannot understand, no suffering that I cannot care about, because I too am human.
Martha Stark: βEver respectful of the patientβs fear of being found, the therapist must nonetheless be also responsive to the patientβs need to be found.β
βThe patientβs fear is that she will put herself out there and not be found.β
βBecause [therapists] try so hard to be part of the solution, it is very difficult to grasp the subtle but profound ways in which they have, in fact, become part of the problem.β
Stephen Mitchell
Peter Fonagy (2005) - βThe making of meaning around a life narrative is funda- mental to human nature. It is therefore inconceivable that psychoanalysis (or a process very much like it) will ever not be part of the range of approaches that
Glenn inspired me to re-read Rogers again. But this time more carefully. This time to see what has changed, what is a stake in psychotherapy, especially as my own understanding and experience in therapy have deepened over the years. Some quick hits:
Itβs a disservice to foreclose exploration of such existential concerns - for some it hinges on matter of life and death. In fact I think these issues are some of what is at the heart of therapy.
βDifficulty in paying attention or remembering what the patient has said may be the doctorβs first clue to his countertransferenceβ
MacKinnon & Mischels
McWilliams: βThere is no reason to leave unclear anything about the practical aspects of the professional contract.β This include informing how long each session typically lasts with the expectation that the therapist ends the session on time.
The frame!!
βThe advice I would offer the beginning therapistβall therapists for that matterβis get comfortable being the student and always let the patient be the teacher. If you let the patient teach you who they are, and why they are,
Existential anxiety is not something you lessen or treat, especially with psychedelics as the article suggests. It is something to be explored and to make some sense of - as Rollo May titled his dissertation and later one of his books - The Meaning of Anxiety.
Existential anxietyβor a chronic state of angst about aging, dying, and what happens afterwardβappears to be on the rise. These strategies could help lessen its paralyzing effect.
Starting to realize that I likely work best as a therapist when I am able to work with a set # of pts for long-term. Helps with attachment. Helps with outcome.
Finding that the agency style of getting new patients daily makes attachment w/ pts, therapeutic work. difficult.
No matter how deep his wound, he does not need to be ashamed in front of me. I too am vulnerable. And because of this, I am enough. Whatever his story, he no longer needs to be alone with it. This is what will allow his healing to begin.β
Paraphrasing McWilliams:
1) Part of the goal or psychoanalytic psychotherapy is to help the patient βbear the contradictions.β
2) Want to avoid the patient coming out of therapy saying βMy therapist saysβ¦β, instead, want them to say something to the effect of βI discoveredβ¦β
Gabbard: ββ¦some depressed patients exploit their illness to justify their veiled expressions of destructive and sadistic impulses toward others.β
Example of this is the βhelp-rejecting complainerβ
βIf a person has had meaningful therapy, he will be able to discuss it in a meaningful way. You can ask the patient, βTell me about your previous therapy. What was the relationship with your therapist like? What did you learn about yourself?ββ
Ogden: βWinnicott, for the most part, does not use language to arrive at conclusions; rather, he uses language to create experiences in reading that are inseparable from the ideas he is presenting, or more accurately, the ideas he is playing with.β
Gabbard: βTherapists themselves must eschew an omniscient stance and readily acknowledge that they donβt know for sure what the patient is feeling or thinking.β
McWilliams: βFirst, there has never been, and continues to not be, one basic βpsychodynamic technique.β The analytic answer to most questions about what one should do in any specific clinical situation is: βIt all depends.β
If you are a student, you can get 50% off on books like
- psychoanalytic diagnosis (McWilliams)
- psychoanalytic psychotherapy (McWilliams)
- psychoanalytic supervision (McWilliams)
- psychoanalytic case formulation (McWilliams)
- psychodynamic diagnostic manual
Attention students! π’ Save 50% on these early career resources (plus nearly all of Guilford's catalog) during our Student Sale when you use code STU41T at checkout! ππ Learn more and order today at .
If you are a therapist and you are struggling with the work today donβt forget Gabbardβs observation (with a nod to Winnicott) that inherent to our work is our sense of displeasure, hate, with the actual work and its process. After all, itβs complicated π
Wachtel: βwhat good psychoanalytic [and any] clinicians do is not to dive beneath the surface of the patientβs experience to tell him (βinterpretβ) what he is really feeling, but to discover what is being excluded from consciousness by attending in meticulous detail
There are many things in this article. But one thing is clear to me: people have been using the word βholisticβ to cover up something that really doesnβt have any proof. I was already suspicious but now Iβm running away as far as possible
Grotstein on Bion
βAbandon memory, desire, understanding, and the use of preconceptions. Each session constitutes the first dayβagainβof the analysis. Do not remember previous sessions. Let them remember you spontaneously. Do not desire to cure the patient.β
Nancy McWilliams just shared that on 1/7/23 she will be interviewing Otto Kernberg and Tom Kohut (yes. kohutβs son). No official info yet but itβs going be through Austen Riggs
Though this is in reference to working with BPD, I think this gem from Gabbard applied generally
βSurgeons need anesthesia before they can operate. The psychotherapist needs to create a holding environment before offering an interpretation of unconscious dynamics.
Need more books like Beginnings. Too many therapy books out there that only talk ABOUT therapy (theories, concepts, research evidence), and painfully little books that actually dive into moment-to-moment therapeutic process.
The therapist [can choose] to shift the focus from the content of the story to the ππππππ π of how the patient is telling her story.
- Mary Jo Peebles
(examples from π΅πππππππππ )
Gabbard: βA psychodynamic therapist would carefully evaluate the nature of the stressor that appeared to trigger a depression. Did the stressor involve humiliation and loss? Did it awaken early childhood losses or traumas? What was the particular meaning of the stressorβ¦?β
Nancy McWilliams- βWe have no business, especially in the name of mental health, hurting someone who has already had more than an ordinary share of injury.β
From McWilliamsβ Case Formulation book. In less than a page she demonstrates differences between supportive/expressive/uncovering approaches that belong on a spectrum. I find them to be so both similar and different in nuanced ways.
βThe [therapistβs] own depressive anxiety and need to make reparations, which undoubtedly drew him into a βhelpingβ profession in the first place, are always on the line.β (Mitchell and Black from Freud and Beyond)
Lemma: βAn interpretation is a hypothesis. It invites the patient to comment on it if he wishes or to ignore itβ¦it is an invitation to consider another perspective that may, or may not, fit.β
Can I get your help here? Iβm wondering what alternate ways of responding would be helpful here in this vignette that Gabbard shared? He noted how defensive and the bad object the therapist has become, and I wish he elaborated on what would be helpful to address with the patient
It seemed such as basic point now but it took a while to sink in: if problematic patterns took years, if not a life time to develop, why the hell did I think I could βhelpβ the patient in 4-8 weeks?
If the quality of the relationship was what mattered, then timing, pace
Heard a couple of colleagues saying (and telling their pts) that they donβt address questions regarding meaning of life or whether life is worth living, or that therapy doesnβt help with it.
While I agree that therapy is not there to provide answers,
Alessandra Lemma - βWorking analytically involves struggling within oneself and with the patient with periods of time when nothing makes sense and when we are at a loss as to how to intervene.β
βThe findings are consistent with psychoanalytic thought, which recognizes projection as a central dynamic in paranoid patients. (Stated differently, the paranoid patient perceives the world as hostile because he sees his own hostility everywhere he looks.)β
Meehl: βIt amazes me how many psychologists, sociologists, and social workers do not know the data, do not know the mathematics and statistics that are relevant, do not know the philosophy of science, and are not even aware that a controversy exists in the scholarly literature.
βIt is as if an analyst is living not only his own life, but also the lives of countless other people. So I think I am making a bargain with death; I am cheating. I am living more than one life.β
1/ When you're feeling awful about therapy with a particular patientβhopeless, despondent, overwhelmed, incompetent, furiousβit may be because they are (unconsciously) communicating something about their inner experience they need you to understandβbut cannot communicate in words
Just read that ambivalence of change (aka heart of MI) can be thought of as projective identification, splitting of the pt - so desire to change is located in the therapist, while the reluctance in the pt. Wow
Bion; βWe may have to upset [patients] in the course of analysis, but that is not what we are trying to do. With this patient it may be very important to show him; when the time comes, that