On-chain research & angel collective. Making institutional-grade research a public good. Accelerating disruptive innovation through investment & advisory.
Hey
@LayerZero_Labs
, quick question:
Why is your Axelar DVN controlled by an Externally Owned Account, that has the ability to censor traffic and transmit fraudulent transactions?
After the recent X beef between
@axelarnetwork
and
@LayerZero_Labs
, we got curious aboutโฆ
With $600m in TVL & >$175m in funding,
@OptimismFND
is the 2nd largest rollup!
Soon the Superchain will merge OP chains into one interoperable L2 ecosystem!
We
@RedactedRes
have done 100s of hours of research & compiled a 100+ page report of alpha!
Entirely for FREE! ๐
โจ๐ด The Rise of the Superchain ๐ดโจ
Optimism is more than OP Mainnet.
Optimism is more than Optimistic Rollups.
So what is Optimism? Find out in the most comprehensive research report on the Superchain ๐งต๐
The Redacted Research Hub is live! ๐ง โจ
Today marks a huge milestone for
@RedactedRes
on our mission to make institutional-grade research freely accessible to all the degens out there.
Don't fade anon (Link below!) ๐งต
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
In this series we've previously covered what
@eigenlayer
can do for the interoperability space, but what if it can help Optimistic rollups be more secure? Or DePIN chains be verifiably more decentralized? Now, let's dive into how
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
For the modular infrastructure space,
@eigenlayer
is a game-changer. It generalizes Ethereum's trust network and economic stake to secure decentralized networks that go beyond the capabilities of the base layer.
One example ofโฆ
Thank you
@PrimordialAA
We had another look and some questions remain:
The contract you are referring to in your comment was created just a few days ago and was created by the same EOA (1) that we point out in our original post.
The "test" contract was even linked in theโฆ
The
@CelestiaOrg
mainnet launch is near and will enable new network and application designs!
One narrative you'll hear about a lot as we head into the next cycle are "sovereign rollups".
We have a complete breakdown of this novel type of network desing ready for you! ๐๏ธ
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
Taking rollup security to the next level and providing a versatile proving infrastructure for a trustlessly composable Web3 ecosystem powered by ZK.
Meet
@AutomataNetwork
, a Multi-Prover implemented as an Actively Validated
The Optimism RPGF results are in! ๐ด โจ
30M OP tokens were granted to contributors of the
@Optimism
ecosystem! ๐คฏ
We are excited to announce that Redacted Research received 24.6K OP. Thanks again to everyone who voted for us! ๐
Now, it's time to look at RPGF stats! ๐๐
Why does
@OptimismFND
let anyone build on the OP Stack permissionlessly?
Donโt they create competition for their own OP Mainnet? Is it accruing value to Optimism & its main product?
It's complicated. But let us walk you through some of our redacted thoughts!๐๏ธ๐
To understandโฆ
The memecoin mania that happened over the past few weeks have eclipsed the Dencun upgrade.
However this is one of the biggest upgrade for Ethereum.
What is exactly EIP-4844, it's impact and more importantly, what are its drawbacks?
A research driven thread ๐งต
We are not paid or externally incentivized to do this, no. Redacted Research has never done sponsored content.
We want transparency around trust assumptions for users in Web3 and that is not exclusive to a specific protocol or type of technology.
Let us give you an example:
@RedactedRes
Did you actually read the audit? You cannot forge anything, you cannot ever touch existing pathways, and you can DoS because Axelar has no on-chain quoting (which is laughable in the first place). There are entire portions of the audit dedicated to what you're claiming here
Can
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
@eigenlayer
initiated a new paradigm by separating the execution from the security layer. The result? Middleware such as bridges, oracles and DA-layer secured by Ethereum.
What if it was possible to secure L1s as well? Introducingโฆ
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
โ
Smart contracts, while excellent in enabling on-chain programmability, have inherent limitations due to their inability to access real-world data.
โ
In other words, blockchains lack awareness of external events and cannot access
The ecosystem of chains building on the OP stack that could become part of the Superchain is growing exponentially .
Let us introduce you to 27 projects you must know:
๐น
@OPLabsPBC
- First OP stack based chain built by the
@Optimism
team and boasting a TVL of $7.2B.
๐น
@base
โฆ
Amazing overview
@therollupco
! ๐ซก
Great to see the modular ecosystem mature!
A Redacted Primer on Modularity ๐
Modularity separates the core functions of a blockchain into distinct, interchangeable layers. ๐งฑโจ
In these functional areas, specialized players emerge that build
Alright anon, seems like it's time to get back to this bread.
โ Short-Form Insights
โ In-Depth Research Reports
โ โโโ โโโโโโโ
Ready? ๐
With the rapidly evolving space of modular execution layer designs, it is important to ensure a coherent, shared terminology.
At
@RedactedRes
, we propose a layered terminology based on different levels:
L0: Rollup-based Scaling Solutions
Scaling solutions that put computationโฆ
@toghrulmaharram
@0xDinoEggs
We agree that Optimiums/Validiums are different from rollups wrt mechanics (DA) / trust assumptions.
We aimed to differentiate by separating "pure" rollups from Optimiums/Validiums to keep the visualization simple.
As the concepts of off-chain tx processing & tx aggregation
โจ๐๏ธ Redacted Research - EigenLayer Series ๐๏ธโจ
Unlock the power of Multi-Signature wallets for secure crypto control.
@silencelabs_sl
elevates "not your keys, not your crypto" with Two-Party Multi-Computation (MPC) tech, keeping your assets safe in any scenario.
๐ง Why Silentโฆ
One and a half months ago, we published the most comprehensive research article on
@optimismFND
, spanning over 100 pages to present the complete L2 solution.
While the foundation has made impressive technological advancements, we were surprised by the disruption in terms of
We have done hundreds of hours of in-depth research to craft this 103 pages report๐
Bear with us as we break down the Optimism ecosystem, exploring the underlying technology and the Superchain vision, its unique features, & how it sets itself apart from other L2 solutions!
/1
2/ In our report we cover:
โฆ The OP Stack
โฆ Scaling Ethereum Values on L2
โฆ The Superchain Ecosystem
โฆ The Road Ahead
โฆ Conclusion
Stay with us for a brief TL;DR. ๐
โจ๐ด Staying Optimistic on Fault Proofs ๐ดโจ
Currently, the OP stack doesn't have a live fault proving mechanism. This introduces significant trust assumptions.
Let us unpack what it means and why it matters in the context of the Superchain. ๐
The
@Optimism
Superchain willโฆ
11/ The OP stack is the leading (EVM) rollup framework and with network effects playing an important role (primarily due to interop benefits), the OP stack is in a very strong position to capture market share in what many refer to as the "Stack Wars".
We spent a lot of time crafting this article and would highly appreciate if you could support us with a Follow (
@redactedres
, Like, RT/QT or comment!
Thank you very much frens ๐
Tell us in the comments which infra project you would like us to cover in the next edition โฌ๏ธ
With $600m in TVL & >$175m in funding,
@OptimismFND
is the 2nd largest rollup!
Soon the Superchain will merge OP chains into one interoperable L2 ecosystem!
We
@RedactedRes
have done 100s of hours of research & compiled a 100+ page report of alpha!
Entirely for FREE! ๐
1. Introduction
Aiming to solve Ethereumโs scalability problem, Optimismโs OP Mainnet was one of the first general purpose EVM rollups to go live on mainnet.
Since its launch, Optimism has consistently been at the forefront of L2 innovation.
/3
8/ The Superchain aims to enhance scalability horizontally, allowing new chains to deploy seamlessly, sharing security, bridging, upgrades, governance, and communication.
All while remaining entirely open-source.
The concept is based on the idea that a blockchain cannot reach all three core qualities that any blockchain network should strive to have all at once:
๐น Scalability
๐น Security
๐น Decentralization
/6
5/ A crucial architectural feature of the OP Stack is its modularity.
In our report, we explore the four key layers:
โฆ Sequencing
โฆ Execution
โฆ Settlement
โฆ Data Availability
Across any of these layers, OP chains can be customized & optimized for specific verticals.
12/ In conclusion, we believe that the Optimism ecosystem is uniquely well positioned to remain a dominant stack for rollups built on Ethereum long-term.
10/ The ecosystem of OP stack based rollups is constantly expanding and already counts over 35 chains.
A huge pool from which the Superchain can source additions to its overarching vision of a unified ecosystem that scales the values of Ethereum on L2.
1/ In the past months, we went deep down the Optimism rabbit hole to assess the state of the ecosystem.
This resulted in the most comprehensive guide to the OP stack, the Superchain vision and beyond in 2024!
Let's dive in!
3/ The Superchain is an interoperable ecosystem of vertical-specific, modular blockchains that are built on a shared, fully open-source code base.
This technological foundation is known as the "OP Stack".
9/ The Superchain also introduces a revenue model that benefits developers through fees generated by their chains.
It merges the Optimism Mainnet and other chains into a unified economic network at launch, leveraging the OP stack codebase for massive horizontal scalability.
The Redacted Research Hub is live! ๐ง โจ
Today marks a huge milestone for
@RedactedRes
on our mission to make institutional-grade research freely accessible to all the degens out there.
Don't fade anon (Link below!) ๐งต
22/ While these aspects must be critically considered, we do believe that the Superchain will continue to see successful growth.
And as a key framework to build scalable execution layers on Ethereum, the OP stack will keep dynamically evolving with the challenges it faces.
โจ๐ด Optimism's Modular Proof System ๐ดโจ
Myth: Optimism is an optimistic rollup.
Truth: Optimism is an ecosystem of modular chains built on the OP stack with diverse network designs and state validation mechanisms.
Multi-Proof System Support
@Optimism
Bedrock uses Cannon as
โจ๐ด Staying Optimistic on Fault Proofs ๐ดโจ
Currently, the OP stack doesn't have a live fault proving mechanism. This introduces significant trust assumptions.
Let us unpack what it means and why it matters in the context of the Superchain. ๐
The
@Optimism
Superchain willโฆ
โจ๐ด Optimism's Modular Proof System ๐ดโจ
Myth: Optimism is an optimistic rollup.
Truth: Optimism is an ecosystem of modular chains built on the OP stack with diverse network designs and state validation mechanisms.
Multi-Proof System Support
@Optimism
Bedrock uses Cannon as
7/ However, by making certain design choices, rollups built on the OP stack can also opt in to become part of the Superchain.
A fragmented backend of use case tailored chains that are unified towards the user, allowing for composability and a UX akin to monolithic systems.
2. History of Scaling
While we have experimented with many approaches to scale monolithic blockchains and especially Ethereum in the past, none of them have successfully solved the blockchain trilemma.
/5
4/ The OP Stack is the tech stack that the Optimism Mainnet is built upon and itโs designed to eventually support the Optimism Superchain and its associated governance structure.
Over time it has evolved into an ambitious vision of an interoperable ecosystem of L2s termed the โSuperchainโ with the OP stack as a shared technological basis.
/4
6/ This will enable an ecosystem of diverse execution layers that publish data to different chains, use distinct sequencing models, validate state in different ways & settle on different chains.
It allows anyone to permissionlessly build L2s.
16/ However, the competition is fierce and amongst other EVM rollups, alt-VM execution layers are entering the space as well.
There is growing number of SDKs & frameworks to build rollups or app-chains with, and
@Optimism
's leading position will be increasingly challenged.
13/ Adoption is driven by its permissionless nature (differentiator on L2 level compared to
@arbitrum
) and a maturing ecosystem of modular building blocks, that enables novel architectures & use cases.
Why does
@OptimismFND
let anyone build on the OP Stack permissionlessly?
Donโt they create competition for their own OP Mainnet? Is it accruing value to Optimism & its main product?
It's complicated. But let us walk you through some of our redacted thoughts!๐๏ธ๐
To understandโฆ
20/ This is especially crucial as currently there is no actual fraud proving mechanism live on mainnet, let alone in a permissionless form.
This means users have to trust the centralized sequencer to submit a valid state root.
โจ๐ด Staying Optimistic on Fault Proofs ๐ดโจ
Currently, the OP stack doesn't have a live fault proving mechanism. This introduces significant trust assumptions.
Let us unpack what it means and why it matters in the context of the Superchain. ๐
The
@Optimism
Superchain willโฆ
17/ Technologically, validity (ZK) rollups seem to be the end game for Ethereum scaling.
Competition from purely ZK focused players and their stacks is not to be underestimated and is rapidly gaining mindshare.
15/ Additionally, the interoperability that comes with opting into the Superchain vision is a powerful benefit to any chain, but especially the long-tail of app-specific rollups.
As the OP chain gains adoption, the Superchain ecosystem will grow increasingly fast.
14/ Its modular design is a strong USP and the versatility that comes with it makes the OP stack exceptionally well suited for many app-chain use cases.
Rollup-as-a-Service providers that further abstract complexity to launch rollups, will further catalyse ecosystem growth.
21/ Finally, while EIP-4844 has improved the DA capacity of the Ethereum L1 and reduced the DA cost for rollups, the efficiency of blob space use (e.g. blob sharing) needs to improve.
The memecoin mania that happened over the past few weeks have eclipsed the Dencun upgrade.
However this is one of the biggest upgrade for Ethereum.
What is exactly EIP-4844, it's impact and more importantly, what are its drawbacks?
A research driven thread ๐งต
Thank you for making it this far in our article!
We are delighted to share such research for free and are already planning the future masterpieces ๐
/66
What investors might want to consider in this context is the rather limited token utility. Currently, OP tokens only serve a governance purpose.
However this might change in the future.
/54
Mentioning the OP token, the current mechanism for the yearly supply inflation of 2% remains unknown and very little communication is made around this model.
/55
That's a wrap! We hope you've found this thread and article helpful! ๐ซก
Make sure to follow me
@RedactedRes
for institutional-grade research insights & more!
Like/Repost of the below post is also highly appreciated! ๐๐
โจ๐ด The Rise of the Superchain ๐ดโจ
Optimism is more than OP Mainnet.
Optimism is more than Optimistic Rollups.
So what is Optimism? Find out in the most comprehensive research report on the Superchain ๐งต๐
Additionally, while Optimism is definitely building some amazing technology, competition in the L2 space is heating up quickly.
There are multiple other rollup teams (both optimistic and validity rollups) that are fighting for market share as well.
/57
17. Conclusion - Opinion
After a thorough assessment, we believe the Optimism team is well-equipped to sustain a strong position in the market.
They boast a sizable and highly skilled team that has elevated Optimism to a prominent position within the blockchain industry.
/59
Luckily, rollups come to the rescue here!
By moving computation off-chain while keeping settlement & consensus/DA on-chain, rollups enable unprecedented scale while still being deeply rooted in Ethereum's security.
/9
From a technical perspective, what is definitely a strong driver for the Optimism ecosystem is the highly versatile OP Stack.
What adds to the attractiveness of the OP Stack is that the Superchain vision aims to combine all OP chains into one interoperable ecosystem.
/44
In order to drive adoption & incentivize users, Optimism still has 13,2% of its supply left that will be used for future airdrops.
Additionally, the grant programs from the OP Collective are likely to spur growth with regards to community & ecosystem of applications.
/43
What is also worth noting, is that only three projects detain more than 60% of the total TVL on the chain which creates a major dominance by those actors on the market.
/56
8/ OP was allocated based on three categories
๐จโ๐ป Developer Ecosystem (45%)
๐ฑ End User Experience & Adoption (43%)
๐ณ Collective Governance (12%)
Beyond the purely technical risks arising from the tech stackโs design that users face, one might also consider risks from an investor (token holder) perspective.
/53
Optimism boasts a team of blockchain developers and management experts, setting them apart from competitors.
The team's extensive knowledge & proficiency have been key drivers of their remarkable success, as shown by their substantial market cap & one of the highest L2 TVLs
/46
13/ Thanks to
@retropgf
,
@Optimism
and the entire ecosystem for the support of Redacted Research and all the other public good initiatives, driving growth in the OP ecosystem! ๐ซ
Let's build an optimistic future together! ๐ด โจ
That's a wrap! We hope you've found this thread helpful! ๐ซก
Make sure to drop us a follow
@RedactedRes
to stay ahead of the curve and gain an edge on the market with freely accessible institutional-grade research!
Like/Repost of the below post is also highly appreciated! ๐๐
The Redacted Research Hub is live! ๐ง โจ
Today marks a huge milestone for
@RedactedRes
on our mission to make institutional-grade research freely accessible to all the degens out there.
Don't fade anon (Link below!) ๐งต
9. Optimism's Financial Situation
Generating revenue is crucial for a protocol to succeed on the long run.
Optimism is expected to generate $36M this year as revenue from transaction fees while having $27.8M as L1 settlement cost, bringing a net profit of $9.27M for 2023.
/27
With increasing activity, gas prices on Ethereum have skyrocketed to unsustainably high levels in the past, effectively pricing out many smaller users from interacting with decentralized applications entirely.
/8
We are thus highly confident that Optimism will continue to thrive over the next few years and are looking forward to the development of the chain, ecosystem, governance and OP-Stack.
/65
Also, Optimism is a โtrueโ rollup and all the data needed for proof construction is published on chain on Ethereum L1, which is desirable from a security standpoint.
/52
@toghrulmaharram
@0xDinoEggs
We agree that Optimiums/Validiums are different from rollups wrt mechanics (DA) / trust assumptions.
We aimed to differentiate by separating "pure" rollups from Optimiums/Validiums to keep the visualization simple.
As the concepts of off-chain tx processing & tx aggregation
But how does it actually work right now and where does the reduction come from? Good questions (and we have answers๐ค).
Prior to EIP-4844, the situation was looking like this:
(Depending on the specific edition of the rollup, say you're ZKR, you might need additional infra)
7/ Out of all the 643 applicants, there were:
โถ๏ธ 112 Individuals
โถ๏ธ 531 Projects
In the end, 64% of individuals and 81% of project were awarded.
Individuals received 23.6K OP on average, while projects received 66K on average.
8. Optimism's Funding
As of today, Optimism conducted 4 different funding rounds, raising a total of $178.5M.
In September 2023, Optimism performed a treasury private token sale of 116M $OP ($157M) for "treasury management", bringing the total funds raised to $335.5M.
/26
3. Modularity and Rollup based scaling
This brings us to the concept of modularity, where rollups take center stage.
Modular blockchain design is an approach that separates the blockchainโs core functions into distinct, interchangeable components.
/10
According to Token Terminal, if we take the token emissions into account for the global revenue, Optimism is expected to spend $358M in 2023.
It outpaces the revenue generated by the chain even though the token emissions are part of the supply distribution (cf. Tokenomics)
/29
With its strong focus on Ethereum alignment, Optimism might also take the risk to lose edge on other ecosystems that innovate beyond the EVM on their execution layer.
/58