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PNASNews

3 days

In this issue: mechanisms of leaf folding in response to dehydration, retinal image magnification and object shape, and broadening habitable chemical niches on Europa.

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PNASNews

@PNASNews

5 years

A recent PNAS study found that high-performing women have one thing in common: they have a tight-knit circle of other women who help them with “gender-specific private information and support. @Refinery29 Article source:

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5 years

Legalization of same-sex marriage resulted in dramatic decreases in anti-gay bias across the US, suggesting that government legislation can inform attitudes even on religiously and politically entrenched positions. In PNAS:

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5 years

PNAS will cease producing the print edition of the journal as of January 2019. The end of print is part of a larger effort to make the submission and publication process easier for authors. Our last print issue is Vol. 115, issue 52

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6 months

Brazil’s soy boom comes with a grim cost: Significant increases in pediatric deaths from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, likely driven by contamination of the water supply by pesticides. In PNAS:

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2 years

Increased complexity and heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes is associated with greater #biodiversity , according to a study. In PNAS:

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5 years

Faculty at prestigious institutions are more productive and prominent than their peers. New research suggests that their work environment, not their training, explains their success. In PNAS: #academictwitter #withaphd

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5 years

Recent tweets that went out from @PNASNews about the paper, “An experimental test of the ovulatory homolog model of female orgasm,” were inappropriate and offensive. We have taken the tweets down. We apologize and are reviewing the decision-making with those involved.

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5 years

15 individuals in a 5,000-year old mass grave in Poland were brutally killed with blows to the head, but buried with great care. Genomic sequencing shows that they were members of a large family, but not related to neighboring groups. In PNAS:

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6 years

On 7/1/19, PNAS will eliminate the strict page limits and the Plus article category. The preferred length of articles will remain at 6 pgs; flexible length limits up to 12 pgs will be allowed. To make this feasible, PNAS will cease producing the print edition as of 1/19.

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5 years

The tendency of scientists to favor generalized, bolder claims in their research may sacrifice precision and could potentially have the unintended consequence of spreading misinformation, according to a new study. In PNAS:

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4 months

Transplanting gut microbes from people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) into mice made the mice more sensitive to fear conditioning during social interactions, compared with mice who received healthy human microbiome transplants. In PNAS:

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3 years

DNA from the SARS-CoV-2 virus can integrate into host genomes, which may explain why some people continue to test positive for #COVID19 via PCR tests without any detectable infectious virus. In PNAS:

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8 months

#Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. A strain of bacteria has been found that eats methane even when it is present at relatively low concentrations. By 2050, the microbe could keep 240 million tons of methane out of the atmosphere. In PNAS:

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2 years

How to avoid “dinosaur in a parking lot” depictions of life millions of years ago: include flora, not just fauna. Artists join paleobotanists to bring ancient #plants to life. A PNAS Science and Culture: #dinosaurs #paleobotany #paleontology #paleoart

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3 years

California blackworm “blobs” could help engineers develop shape-shifting robot swarms: @WIRED PNAS article:

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4 months

Truly massive bacteria—one million times the volume of E. coli—live inside the unicornfish. Explore its genome and uncover the secrets behind the gargantuan size of this bacterial behemoth. In @Physorg_com : Read the full study:

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5 months

Climate change is causing small mammals to get even smaller, according to an analysis of 23 species collected by natural history museums over the past century. Total shrinkage by 2100 may be as high as 21%, depending on future warming. In PNAS:

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4 months

A study suggests a solution to “Humboldt’s enigma”—the fact that mountains are more biodiverse, on average, than other ecosystems. Key to the solution is the finding that species richness and species turnover are independent variables. In PNAS:

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2 months

📈 Trending Article in PNAS One of the most-viewed PNAS articles in the last week is “Bodily maps of emotions.” Explore the findings here: For more trending articles, visit the PNAS homepage at .

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2 years

Reintroducing bison into grassland prairies can increase native plant species richness by 86% compared with ungrazed areas, a study in the Flint Hills region of Kansas suggests. In PNAS: #nativeplants

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3 months

One might think a raindrop could do serious damage to a tiny water strider. But a study shows that their low-density, hydrophobic exoskeletons allow them to surf jets and craters made by drops—or easily resurface if pushed underwater. In PNAS:

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6 years

In January 2019, PNAS will launch Brief Reports, articles that present brief findings of exceptional importance. Brief Reports will receive rapid review and be limited to two journal pages. Details will be forthcoming in our Information for Authors.

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5 months

📈 Trending Article on PNAS One of the most-viewed PNAS articles in the last week is “Bodily maps of emotions.” Explore the findings here: For more trending articles, visit the PNAS homepage at .

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4 months

Researchers grew rat neurons on a force sensor, which allowed them to discover that neurons develop tension after forming connections with other neurons, resulting in a contractile neural network. Without this contractility, neurons fail to fire. In PNAS:

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5 years

A Perspective explores the risk of crossing a planetary climate threshold that might lead to "Hothouse Earth," in which global average temperatures exceed the temperatures of any interglacial period of the past 1.2 million years. Read more:

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5 years

Negative emotional contagion shapes raven behavior: experimental testing suggests that when ravens see fellow ravens grapple with frustrating tasks, they become frustrated and pessimistic themselves. On @novapbs : Research in PNAS:

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5 years

May Berenbaum starts as PNAS Editor-in-Chief today. Berenbaum is Professor and Chair of Entomology at @Illinois_Alma . She was elected to @theNASciences in 1994 and has served on the PNAS Editorial Board since 1998. We’ll be featuring her work throughout the month. Welcome, May!

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4 years

Demographically underrepresented students innovate at higher rates than majority students, but their novel contributions are discounted and less likely to earn them academic positions. In PNAS:

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4 months

Truly massive bacteria—one million times the volume of E. coli—live inside the unicornfish. Explore its genome and uncover the secrets behind the gargantuan size of this bacterial behemoth. In PNAS:

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5 years

Horizontal gene transfer has been well documented among #bacteria . But recent work suggests gene transfers from bacteria to multicellular organisms are much more common than previously thought--& often have important consequences for #evolution : #genetics

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6 years

We’ve cleared up some misconceptions about publishing a paper in PNAS. Read Myths about PNAS at .

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5 years

Social co-operation may be influenced by an individual’s desire to maximize their future opportunities. A new study using bird models found that collective motion is influenced by the collective’s desire to gain better advantages. In PNAS:

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5 years

Legalizing same-sex marriage may help decrease both implicit and explicit anti-gay bias, according to a longitudinal survey of nearly 1 million Americans from 2005 to 2016. Published this week in PNAS:

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3 years

Biodiversity data integration by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the world’s largest biodiversity network, appears to enable research at multiple scales and in multiple taxonomies. In PNAS:

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5 years

An analysis of journal articles, focusing on 11 writing-style components, suggests that good writing can noticeably enhance article impact. #scicomm

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5 years

After a heart attack, researchers inject a mouse with placental cells, then track them as they migrate to the injured heart, attach, and differentiate into beating heart muscle cells, endothelial cells, or smooth muscle cells. In PNAS (OA):

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2 months

The effects of #ClimateChange will be diverse and complex. Explore these #interactive global maps to gain insights into #drought , #flood , and #heat as temperatures rise: #wetbulb #humidity #precipitation #ParisAgrement #IPCC #ImpactAttribution

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4 years

Minor evolutionary changes in morphology and neural control may have helped transform the salamander tongue into a high-powered elastic recoil mechanism for capturing prey. In PNAS:

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4 years

People in similar occupations exhibit similar personality profiles. A study of #Twitter text assesses linguistic information from over 100,000 users representing 3,513 occupations. In PNAS:

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5 years

Akiko Iwasaki, an #immunologist at @YaleMedicine and a @HHMINEWS Investigator, has made significant contributions toward understanding innate and adaptive #antiviral immunity. Learn more about @theNASciences member @VirusesImmunity and her research at

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1 year

Non-White scientists appear on fewer editorial boards and spend more time under review, according to a study of 1 million research articles. Results reveal the extent of inequalities underrepresented researchers face in science publishing. In PNAS:

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5 years

Opinion piece: Why science needs #philosophy . From #stemcell biology to #cognitive #neuroscience , philosophy has enhanced the vitality of science--and will likely continue to do so.

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3 months

Music can evoke bodily responses. A cross-cultural study in the United States, the UK, and China found some differences between East and West, but everyone felt danceable songs in the feet and heart-wrenching ballads in the chest. In PNAS:

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2 years

Sperm whales in the Pacific Ocean exhibit human-like patterns of symbolic cultural identifiers, a study suggests which hints at the existence of culture in nonhuman animal populations. In @NBCNews In PNAS:

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2 years

Oxygen limitation in response to rising temperatures is the underlying cause of observed body size reductions in marine microbes and ectothermic animals. In PNAS:

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6 years

Although #storytelling often has negative connotations within #science , narrative formats of #communication should not be disregarded when communicating science to nonexpert audiences. Narratives offer increased comprehension, interest, and engagement.

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6 months

The human body can only take so much heat. A study examines the likelihood of heat waves above the limit of human thermoregulation in different climate futures. The risk of widespread exposure to lethal heat rises sharply at 3 °C of warming. In PNAS:

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10 months

Using a Cas9/guide-RNA-based gene drive system, researchers have produced mosquitoes that produce antimalaria antibodies. If released, models suggest the mosquitoes could reduce malaria incidence by roughly 90% within three months. In PNAS:

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2 months

3D printing of functional human tissues and organs is coming. Researchers have created a special fluid to support large complex tissues during printing, which they used to print a structure in the shape of a full-scale human heart. In PNAS:

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5 years

Stanley Falkow dedicated his life’s work to the study of bacteria and infectious disease. The articles of this Special Feature on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Role of Vaccines are dedicated to his memory

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5 years

Maternal obesity may be transmitted to offspring via molecules in sperm called "tRNA-derived small RNAs," which are higher in sperm of males born to mothers fed a high-fat diet. In PNAS:

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3 years

The 12 papers in the Global Decline of Insects in the Anthropocene Special Feature examine losses of insect biodiversity from multiple perspectives. In PNAS:

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2 months

Giant pandas are rare, but among them one occasionally finds an exceptionally rare sight: a brown panda. A study of the genetics behind this variant identifies the cause: a homozygous deletion in the Bace2 gene. In PNAS:

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5 years

Researchers identified a rhythm in hospital treatment and found that initial doses of treatment are strongly influenced by time of day, not by drug type or diagnosis, suggesting potential operational barriers to optimal clinical care. In PNAS:

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5 years

Researchers report evidence of #biparental inheritance of mitochondrial #DNA : @sciencemagazine PNAS Article: #mDNA

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5 years

Tracking photosynthesis from space: high-resolution satellite imagery can detect variations in chlorophyll fluorescence emission, which helps researchers evaluate photosynthesis at large scales. In PNAS:

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5 years

15 individuals in a 5,000-year old mass grave in Poland were brutally killed with blows to the head, but buried with great care. Genomic sequencing shows that they were members of a large family, but not related to neighboring groups. In PNAS (OA):

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6 years

We’re pleased to announce our new Editor-in-Chief, entomologist May R. Berenbaum of @Illinois_Alma . Berenbaum's decades-long work has illuminated an evolutionary arms race between insects and plants. Welcome to the PNAS family, @MayBerenbaum @theNASciences

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5 years

Good writing takes time for both the author who writes it and the institutions that teach it... So, is there really any benefit to writing better? We believe there is. #scicomm

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1 year

Engineers at @MIT and @GeorgiaTech identify a fast and simple way to model diverse granular intrusion problems, such as animal and human locomotion, through any soft, flowable material. In @MIT News: In PNAS:

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5 years

Researchers report the discovery of giant marine viruses that likely endow multiple host species with photoheterotrophic capacities. In PNAS:

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6 years

Study suggests that #bees exposed to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, have led to an unexplained increase in honey bee colony mortality. #honeybee #herbicide #bacteria #nature

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4 years

Archaeological evidence suggests that Native Americans in southwest Florida engineered complex walled structures called watercourts for large-scale fish capture and storage in the 16th century. In PNAS:

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1 year

Microbes that live with plants can control root branching using the plant hormone ethylene. Researchers suggest that future microbe-based solutions could help plants adapt to poor soil & environmental stress, potentially increasing food production. In PNAS

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5 years

Telomere shortening rates may be accurate predictors of species lifespan. In PNAS:

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Differences in hearing sensitivity, and thus the differential ability to hear prey-produced sounds, might allow ecologically similar bat species to coexist. In PNAS: Image credit: Christian Ziegler (photographer).

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3 years

Perspective: Mask wearing, in conjunction with hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing, can substantially reduce #COVID19 transmission by reducing infected aerosol and droplet emission. In PNAS:

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5 years

PNAS will cease producing the print edition of the journal as of January 2019. The end of print is part of a larger effort to make the submission and publication process easier for authors. Our last print issue is Vol. 115, issue 52

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1 year

A functional MRI study of 134 people suggests that major depressive disorder is correlated with signaling patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex, providing a potential biomarker. In PNAS:

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2 months

Researchers located the internal compass ants use to sense Earth’s magnetic field by exposing the insects to a chaotic magnetic field or to a magnetic field lacking a horizontal component and then comparing their brains to control ants. In PNAS:

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5 years

Evolutionary development of facial muscles that grant #dogs the ability to move their eyebrows in expressive manners may explain why humans are so fond of dogs. In PNAS:

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3 years

Lifting Italy’s national lockdown two weeks earlier would have led to approximately 14,000 additional hospitalizations, while lifting four weeks earlier would have led to nearly 80,000 additional hospitalizations, a study finds. In PNAS: #COVID19

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4 years

Beetles may owe their staggering diversity to an array of factors, including low rates of lineage extinction, codiversification with flowering plants, and horizontal gene transfer from microbes, according to a genomic analysis of beetles. In PNAS:

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Dig deep to discover how deforestation affects soil ecology. Changes in soil chemistry and pH affect microbial communities, increasing bacterial diversity and leading to homogeneous fungal communities dominated by pathogens. In PNAS:

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11 months

How do 8 billion humans spend their days? Data from more than 130 counties suggests that, on average, each human spends 9.1 hours asleep, 2.1 hours in transit, 1.6 hours eating, 1.1 hours grooming, and 3.4 hours modifying our environment. In PNAS:

The global human day | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

The daily activities of ≈8 billion people occupy exactly 24 h per day, placing a strict physical limit on what changes can be achieved in the world...

www.pnas.org

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5 years

Evolution of fungal #bioluminescence through gene duplication. #luciferin #glow #fungi

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4 years

Viruses harbored by bats and rodents, which are widely considered high-risk reservoirs, are no more likely to infect humans than viruses carried by other hosts. In PNAS:

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4 years

Engraved ochre and eggshell fragments reveal how art evolved from decoration to expression of socially transmitted cultural traditions. New paper from @kristian_tylen in PNAS:

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5 years

Researchers report the discovery of giant marine viruses that may confer phototrophic abilities on their hosts. In PNAS:

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The scales on #moth wings have evolved to reduce the #echo returning to #bats . @PNASNews investigates their resonant sound-absorber functionality. Article:

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1 year

As the climate warms, birds are evolving. In a study of museum and field specimens covering 129 species, researchers saw the same clear pattern: most birds have shrunk since the 1970s—and small birds are shrinking faster than big birds. In PNAS:

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5 years

The scientific productivity of early-career faculty is shaped by the prestige of their current place of employment, not the prestige of their past training environment, a study finds: PNAS Article:

Productivity, prominence, and the effects of academic environment | Proceedings of the National...

Faculty at prestigious institutions produce more scientific papers, receive more citations and scholarly awards, and are typically trained at more-...

www.pnas.org

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Authors estimate the total biomass of all terrestrial wild mammals at 20 million metric tons. Large herbivores comprise the bulk of the mass. Wild marine mammals weigh in at approximately 40 million metric tons. In PNAS:

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4 years

Paleoartists” attempt to hone their craft and captivate the public even as they grapple with emerging discoveries that alter how we see dinosaurs. In PNAS Science & Culture:

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6 years

When lab animals go wild: Experiments on mice living in more natural habitats can deliver results dramatically different from those in traditional laboratories—w/ profound implications for #biomedical science

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8 months

Climate change could reshape underground fungal networks. In field experiments simulating warming and drought, species with short mycelia became more common than long-mycelia species, endangering long-range connections between trees. In PNAS:

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A CRISPR-based malaria test could enable rapid, low-cost, sensitive diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria carriers. In PNAS:

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Collective motion may be influenced by the collective’s desire to gain better advantages by working in groups, according to a new study using bird models. This finding can provide insights on the correlation between decision-making and intelligence:

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#Cats use hollow papillae to wick saliva into fur 🐱

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The Lycopodiaceae are a unique family of plants, often known as clubmosses. Chromosomal genome assemblies for two species in the clade reveal a surprise: Despite diverging 350 million years ago, huge blocks of the genomes remain unchanged. In PNAS:

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Lack of diversity limits the expansion of scientific knowledge, according to an analysis of more than 5 million research articles. In PNAS:

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A fossil primate tooth suggests a third clade of colonizing anthropoid primates in South America. A small body size would have aided chances of survival for the over-water trip on rafts of vegetation created by West African floods. In PNAS:

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Researchers created 100,000 YouTube sock puppet accounts, each watching 100 videos with a particular ideological slant—and then whatever the algorithm fed them. Of very-right wing accounts, 40% were served extremist or conspiratorial content. In PNAS:

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1 year

Elephants may be self-domesticated. Much like domesticated animals such as dogs, elephants display reduced aggression, increased prosocial behavior, shortening of the jaw, and enhanced play behavior. In PNAS:

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Girls from China's matrilineal Mosuo population are raised to be risk-takers, but they become more risk-averse when they attend schools with children from the patriarchal Han population. Read more:

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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria talk to soybean roots via tiny RNAs, suggesting new avenue to improve yields. In PNAS Journal Club:

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Unsupervised learning in neural networks: a "biologically plausible" training algorithm could reduce dependence on massive amounts of labeled data. Published this week in PNAS:

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Fungi are colder than the air around them. Researchers measured mushrooms, yeasts, and molds and found them to be up to 5.9 °C colder than their surroundings. One guess as to how: evaporative cooling, akin to human sweating. In PNAS:

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As temperatures rise, which regions will experience the most severe effects of #drought , #flood , and stifling #heat ? Explore these #interactive global maps for insightful projections: #wetbulb #ParisAgrement #IPCC #ImpactAttribution #ClimateChange

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2 years

The disappearance of steppe-tundra in eastern Beringia began before, not after, the extinction of mammoths, which is consistent with a bottom-up, climate-driven collapse of steppe-tundra ecosystems, a study finds. In PNAS:

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