Antiquity is a bimonthly review of world archaeology edited by
@RobertEWitcher
. Please be aware that we sometimes share relevant images of human remains.
Our April issue is out! Featuring great
#archaeology
like:
🌷 Hallucinogenic plant use in the Roman Empire
👂 Prehistoric piercings in Türkiye
🏺 Mesoamerican tobacco infusions
& more!🔗
Left) the Nebra Sky Disc, a Bronze Age find that might be the oldest known depiction of the cosmos. It features the sun, moon, and perhaps the Pleiades. By Dbachmann / CC BY-SA 3.0
🔗 from 2007 (£)
Archaeologists in southern Italy have unearthed two helmets, fragments of weapons and armor, bits of pottery and the remains of a possible temple to Athena at an archaeological excavation of the ancient Greek city of Velia
NEW: Neanderthal and early modern human chefs used cooking tricks to make their meals more palatable, analysis of the oldest charred food remains ever found has revealed.
Strap in for a delicious
#AntiquityThread
1/14 🧵
This is an incredible flint dagger from Late Neolithic 🇩🇰.
These ‘Hindsgavl’ daggers are some of the most technically complex stone artefacts ever made in prehistory
#FlintFriday
🔗 to research on them (£) ; 📷 by Nationalmuseet / CC BY-SA 3.0
NEW: Archaeologists have discovered what may be the earliest known narrative scene, telling an ancient story, at the 11,000-year-old site of Sayburç in south-eastern Turkey.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the new research 1/14 🧵
Archaeologists have discovered ancient arrows up to 6,000-years-old at an ice patch in 🇳🇴 as climate change begins to melt older ice -
@brearkeologi
in National Geographic
It's world
#RockDay
, which is a great excuse to share this 500,000-year-old stone tool from West Tofts (🇬🇧) made from a rock featuring a fossil shell.
Perhaps the ancient manufacturer wanted a pretty tool.
A reconstruction of the face of a Neanderthal—nicknamed ‘Krijn’—dredged from the bed of the North Sea off the Dutch coast. The fossil had a benign tumour on their right brow, the first to be identified in a Neanderthal, that is visible in this reconstruction.
NEW Greek colonisation of the Mediterranean and the development of the Greek alphabet took place earlier than previously thought, radiocarbon dates from the Geometric period site of Zagora on the island of Andros find.
An
#AntiquityThread
1/9 🧵
🆕
#archaeology
: Some of Stonehenge appears to have originally been part of a Welsh stone circle that was dismantled & moved 280 km to Salisbury Plain ~3000 BC.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on research published today in Antiquity (🆓) 1/🧵
🆕: Archaeologists have discovered the largest known Native American cave art images. The massive artwork, found in Alabama, is over 1,000-years-old and may represent spirits of the underworld.
🧵 An
#AntiquityThread
(paper: ) 1/
🆕
#archaeology
: It has been suggested a devastating tsunami submerged Doggerland ~10,000 BC. However, new analysis reveals the lost landscape survived this catastrophe.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on research published today in Antiquity (🆓) 1/ 🧵
Here is a lovely cup recovered from the waters around a prehistoric crannog (artificial island) at Loch Arnish on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland
#FindsFriday
Archaeologists excavating an ancient burial complex beneath the Via Latina, one of Rome’s oldest streets, have unearthed a terracotta statue of a dog, three tombs and an intact funerary urn
.
This is a ~5,000-year-old wooden door from the site of Zurich-Parkhaus Opéra in 🇨🇭.
Wooden remains from the
#Neolithic
are rare, but the waterlogged nature of this site preserved this door.
🔗 to research from 2018 (🆓)
The famous Sutton Hoo ship burial contains a lyre with an unexpected exotic heritage: another lyre of that type has been identified over 4,000 km away in Kazakhstan!
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on new
#archaeology
(paper: ) published today
1/n 🧵
This is a thermopolium, or snack bar, found in Pompeii in early 2021. The brightly decorated counter features inset storage vessels for the serving of food and drink.
📷 from Luigi Spina & Pompeii Archaeological Park and was some of the most stunning archaeology of the year.
This is a 500,000-year-old handaxe from West Tofts in 🇬🇧.
It was carefully knapped to display a fossil shell, perhaps by an ancient human who wanted a prettier tool
#ToolTuesday
🔗 to discussion of it from 1973 (🆓)
Underwater archaeologists have recovered two more bronze warship rams at the site of the Battle of the Egadi Islands, a pivotal naval engagement during the First Punic War, that led to the victory of Rome over Carthage.
During the
#Neolithic
, some people were buried with dogs. But near Baikal (🇷🇺) one person was buried with a large wolf (📷) ~8,000 years ago!
This was discovered during the construction of the trans-Siberian railway, which opened
#OnThisDay
in 1904 (£)
🆕
#archaeology
: Hundreds of massive monuments over 7,000-years-old have been documented in NW Arabia, revealing the oldest known widespread tradition of monument building in the world.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the find, published today (🆓) 1/ 🧵
🐈 How the domestic cat conquered Europe
#TakeYourCattoWorkDay
This map tracks how our feline friends spread from their homeland in Western Asia, eventually reaching every corner of Europe with the help of the Greeks, Romans, and Vikings
🔗 from 2022 🆓
🆕
#archaeology
: A 2,600-year-old wine 'factory' has been discovered in ancient Phonecia, whose inhabitants had a key role in spreading & popularising the drink (🆓) 🍷
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the find 1/ 🧵
NEW The c.4200-3600 BC Trypillia settlements of Europe were so-called 'mega-sites', having populations of up to 10,000 people!
Evenly-sized houses suggest that they were egalitarian, meaning large populations did not necessarily cause higher inequality
🆓
NEW Analysis of a 2100-year-old inscribed bronze hand reveals text inscribed onto it as the oldest and longest example of the Vasconic script, which may share roots with modern-day Basque.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the new research 🧵 1/13
🆓
NEW Oldest 'true' saddle in East Asia discovered, suggesting how the rise in Mongolian steppe cultures was aided by advances in equestrian technology. 🐎
An Antiquity Thread 1/11 🧵
🐈 How the domestic cat conquered Europe.
This map tracks how our feline friends spread from their homeland in Western Asia, eventually reaching every corner of Europe with the help of the Greeks, Romans, and Vikings.
🔗 to recent popular research (🆓)
NEW: A group of curious cats may have made migrated from the Near East to Europe nearly 10,000 years ago, reveals a major new project studying the origin and history of our feline friends. 🐈
Strap in for an
#AntiquityThread
on some adventurous kitties 1/13 🧵
This is a picture of the Dolmen de Bagneux, the largest dolmen in 🇫🇷, from 1890.
With one capstone alone estimated to weigh >80 tonnes, it is a testament to
#Neolithic
engineering
#MegalithicMonday
🔗 to an account of a visit from 1928 (£)
Remembering
#trowelblazer
Esther Boise Van Deman, one of the first women to specialise in Roman field archaeology - eventually becoming a leading archaeologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
NEW Archaeologists discover more than 100 ornaments for use in piercings in ~11,000-year-old adult burials in Türkiye, providing the earliest conclusive evidence for body perforation and suggesting that piercing may have been a coming-of-age ritual.
#AntiquityThread
1/13 🧵
🆕: Research at a 4000-year-old village in Orkney exploring the impact of a female-dominated wave of migration has revealed it led to a peaceful and productive period.
An
#AntiquityThread
(paper: ) 1/n 🧵
Child who lived 8,000 years ago may have been buried with a wolf
Archaeologists working on the site in Majoonsuo, eastern Finland, uncovered some of the oldest feather fragments ever preserved in soil along with fur that may have come from a wolf
🛖 An entire Neolithic village, preserved via waterlogging and now under a giant dome for its protection.
The site of Tianluoshan (🇨🇳) was occupied 7000–5800 years ago yet the remains of wooden house posts are still visible
Photos of the 1939 Sutton Hoo excavations, taken by teachers Mercie Lack and Barbara Wagstaff, are now available to view online. They are among the earliest surviving colour photos of any major dig.
Carnac (🇫🇷) is the site of thousands of arranged stones, constructed ~7,000-year-ago.
This photo of them was taken in 1893, before substantial damage was done in the 20th-century
#MegalithicMonday
Archaeologists have discovered traces of a 200-year-old wooden fort in southeastern Alaska built by Indigenous people to resist an invasion by Imperial Russia.
Great to see research from Antiquity featured in NBC 👇
It's world
#RockDay
, which is a great excuse to share this 500,000-year-old stone tool from West Tofts (🇬🇧) made from a rock featuring a
#fossil
shell. 🐚
Perhaps the ancient manufacturer wanted a pretty tool.
NEW Pottery analysis uncovers the complex flavours of Roman wine!
Archaeologists have compared Roman clay jars for winemaking with modern Georgian examples, revealing how Roman wine looked, smelled, and tasted. 🍷
A dry and full-bodied
#AntiquityThread
1/12 🧵
This is a 500,000-year-old handaxe from West Tofts (🇬🇧). It was carefully knapped by an ancient human relative to display a fossil shell.
🔗 from 1973 (🆓) (but some of the most popular archaeology we highlighted in 2021)
🆕
#archaeology
: An obsidian mirror John Dee - Queen Elizabeth I’s court astrologer - used to contact otherworldly spirits during his occult practices has been confirmed to have Aztec origins 👻
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the new research (🆓) 1/ 🧵
These might look like flint tools but they're really 9,000-year-old figurines from a
#Neolithic
site in Jordan.
They've all been given little heads, shoulders, and a waist!
#FlintFriday
This 📷 is a giant structure made from the bones of >60 mammoths. It was built at Kostenki 11 (🇷🇺) during the peak of the last ice age, ~25,000-years-ago.
The media said its discovery "baffled" archaeologists. But did it really? Here's a
#thread
on what they found 🧵
🆕
#archaeology
: A ~4,400-year-old life-sized wooden snake figurine has been found in 🇫🇮, unlike anything else from the Neolithic of Northern Europe 🐍
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the discovery, published today (🆓)
📷: The head of the snake.
🆕
#archaeology
: A previously unknown elite Viking ritual centre - including a feast hall, cult house, and ship burial - has been found in 🇳🇴 using ground-penetrating radar.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the find, published today in Antiquity 🆓 1/ 🧵
These might look like flint tools but they're really 9,000-year-old figurines from a
#Neolithic
site in Jordan.
They've all been given little heads, shoulders, and a waist!
🔗 from 2020 🆓
This is one of the oldest known pieces of woven cloth and it's made of something surprising: trees
The 8,000-year-old cloth from Çatalhöyük (🇹🇷) was thought to be wool or flax, but modern analysis shows it's actually made of oak fibres
🔗 from 2021 (£)
A stela from Corsica, estimated to be ~6,000 years old, engraved with some sort of goat person. The design is unlike anything seen in the region at this time.
🔗 from 2020 (🆓)
Ancient owl carvings from Iberia might be toys that children carved themselves.
Originally, archaeologists thought they were sacred objects representing deities. But a new study reveals that the Copper Age items could have been children's toys.
This is a recently identified
#Neolithic
cairn in Brittany (🇫🇷), found in 2020. Such a discovery is a rare occurrence in an area as well-studied as Brittany.
#MegalithicMonday
🔗 (🆓)
Documents from the Roman fort of Vindolanda, England, record a religious festival held
#OnThisDay
sometime between AD 95-115. This may be the oldest written evidence of a midsummer celebration in England.
📷: Example of documents from the site; by Michel wal / CC BY-SA 3.0
A ~5,000-year-old wooden door from the site of Zurich-Parkhaus Opéra (🇨🇭).
Wooden remains from the Neolithic are rare, but the waterlogged nature of this site preserved this door.
#ThrowbackThursday
to research from 2018 (🆓)
🆕 research: This stela from Balchiria, Corsica, is estimated to be ~6,000 years old. It's engraved with some sort of goat person, a design that is unlike anything seen in the Western Mediterranean at this time (🆓)
This is a picture of the ~7,000-year-old stones at Carnac in 🇫🇷, taken in 1893 before substantial damage was done in the 20th-century
#MegalithicMonday
This 📷 is an artificial island or crannog in Loch Bhorgastail. Research in 🅰 revealed it, and many others, may have been built in the
#Neolithic
, thousands of years earlier than previously thought.
It's one of our most read papers & it's
#OpenAccess
NEW: “Bog bodies” were part of a tradition in Europe that spanned millennia. People were buried in bogs from the prehistoric period until early modern times and when a cause of death could be determined, most met a violent end.
An
#AntiquityThread
🧵 1/16
🆕 research: For the first time, prehistoric field boundaries have been directly dated. This reveals the fields of Bosigran, Cornwall, were built in the Bronze/Iron Age. Some are still in use (📷).
#OpenAccess
research from 🅰
This is an artificial island, or crannog, in Loch Bhorgastail, 🏴.
Research revealed it, and many others, were built in the
#Neolithic
- thousands of years earlier than expected.
🔗 to the research published
#OnThisDay
in 2019 (🆓)
Happy
#DarwinDay
, celebrating Charles' 214th birthday!
He understood how gradual processes lead to dramatic change over time. Famously with biology and evolution.
Less famously with worms and archaeology 1/6
The Temple of Hatshepsut, an Ancient Egyptian complex with three large terraces.
It was constructed for Pharoh Hatshepsut, one of the few confirmed female Pharaohs, who ruled Egypt ~3,500-years-ago
#TombTuesday
Here's a fearsome mosaic griffin that was found decorating a tomb at the ~4,000-year-old site of Gonur Depe in Turkmenistan
#MosaicMonday
🔗 from 2020 (🆓)
How connected was the
#prehistoric
world?
NEW by mapping over 6000 sites across Eurasia and Africa based on the distribution of raw materials, researchers are examining social inequality and exchange networks from the
#Neolithic
to the
#IronAge
🆓
The development of lidar opened a new era in archaeological survey. An early case study proved its usefulness by using the technology to map Welshbury Hillfort by "seeing through" the trees
#HillfortsWednesday
From 🅰 2005 (£)
Medieval Ethiopia was an incredible, cosmopolitan place. A special collection in the latest Antiquity explores some of its amazing archaeology.
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on some highlights (🆓) 1/ 🧵
🆕
#archaeology
: People in early medieval Europe kept reopening graves. What was thought to be isolated events, like grave robbing, is actually a regular part of funerary traditions from the 5th – 7th c. AD
Here's an
#AntiquityThread
on the work (🆓) 1/🧵
🪨 It's
#OldRockDay
, the perfect excuse to share one of our favourites: A 500,000-year-old handaxe from West Tofts (🇬🇧). It was carefully knapped by an ancient human relative to display a fossil shell.
🔗 from 1973 (🆓)
NEW Deep in the remote, boreal landscape of the Siberian taiga, a promontory fort has been found to be 8000 years old, making it the oldest in the world! It is a rare example of hunter-gatherers building fortified sites.
A wintery Antiquity Thread ❄️ 1/10 🧵
This is a reconstruction of the Heuneburg in 🇩🇪 at the height of its prosperity ~2,550-years-ago.
Around ~5000 people lived there, making it one of the region's largest settlements from this period
#HillfortsWednesday
📷 by Landesamt fur Denkmalpflege
This is Roman glass made in Egypt but found nearly 10,000 km away in Bali!
It's one of many imported objects from the site of Pangkung Paruk that stem from inter-continental trade >1,600 years ago
In our South & Souteast Asian archaeology collection:
Archaeologists excavating a stone-lined Roman well in Northamptonshire, England, in advance of HS2.
The Roman builders originally dug the well to a depth of approximately 8m below the surface—a perilous task without the modern equipment the team is using.
NEW similarities between Early
#Neolithic
WF16 (southern Jordan) and Göbekli Tepe (Anatolia) suggest that expansive social networks with shared
#symbolism
and
#ideology
underpinned the emergence of
#farming
🧵
🆓
📷 E. Jamieson & authors
This is a picture of the Dolmen de Bagneux, the largest dolmen in 🇫🇷, from 1890.
With one capstone alone estimated to weigh >80 tonnes, it is a testament of
#Neolithic
engineering.
🔗 to an account of a visit in 1928 (£)
Ground-penetrating radar revealing a previously unknown Viking ship burial at Gjellestad (🇳🇴). It's the first such burial to be excavated in nearly 100 years!
🔗 from 2020 (🆓)
Partially submerged structure is a prehistoric tomb
The Carraig á Mhaistin stone, a monument thought to be an 18th or 19th century folly has now been identified as an ancient megalithic dolmen.
The Nebra sky disc and
#JWST
deep field are two images of the cosmos made around 3 millennia apart.
However, when the sky disc was first found some people thought might be a hoax as it looked like it was winking 😉
Find out more in a 🆓 paper:
A
#stela
from Corsica, estimated to be ~6,000 years old, engraved with some sort of goat person. The design is unlike anything seen in the region at this time
#StandingStoneSunday
🔗 from 2020 (£)
This is lidar of Cissbury Ring, an Iron Age hillfort in West Sussex and the second largest in England. It captures the pockmarks left on the hill by earlier Neolithic flint mines.
#HillfortsWednesday
This is a ~14,000-year-old animation.
The bone disc from Laugerie-Basse in 🇫🇷 has a different image on each side, so spinning it quickly creates the impression of movement.
🔗 from 2012 (🆓)
Happy
#InternationalWomensDay
!
We're celebrating all the amazing women out there and the amazing contributions so many have made to archaeology.
📷:
#Trowelblazer
Dorothy Liddell captivating a crowd of visitors to her excavations at Hembury hillfort.
During the
#Neolithic
, several people were buried with
#dogs
. But near Baikal (🇷🇺) one person was buried with a large wolf (📸) ~8,000 years ago 🐺
From the 🅰
#archive
(£)
An anthropomorphic model of a house made by some of the earliest farmers in Europe ~5500 BC
The
#Neolithic
find from Porodin, North Macedonia, suggests everyday things had sacred properties.
🔗 from 2022 🆓
Similarities between Early
#Neolithic
WF16 (southern Jordan) and Göbekli Tepe (Anatolia) suggest that expansive social networks with shared
#symbolism
and
#ideology
underpinned the emergence of
#farming
.
🆓
📷 E. Jamieson & authors