Zarya 🇷🇺: Zarya, launched on the 20th November 1998 aboard a Proton-K rocket, was the first ever module of the ISS. It provided the ISS with electricity, propulsion, storage and guidance during the costruction phase. Nowadays it's mainly used for storage.

Unity 🇺🇸: Unity, launched on 4 December 1998 aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-88, was the first American module of the station. It connects the American and Russian segments of the station together.

Zvezda 🇷🇺: Zvezda was launched on 12 July 2000 aboard a Proton-K rocket. It provided living space and life support systems for two crew members. It serves as the functional HQ of the Russian side of the station and is where the crew meet to resolve emergencies.

Destiny 🇺🇸: Destiny, also known as US Lab, was launched on 7 February 2001 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-98. It is the primary operating facility for all US research payloads on the ISS. It is NASA's first permanent orbital research station since Skylab.

Quest 🇺🇸: Launched on 12 July 2001 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-104, Quest is the primary airlock of the ISS designed to support spacewalks with both American and Russian space suits.

Pirs 🇷🇺: Launched on 14 September 2001 on a Soyuz-U rocket, Pris was attached to Zvezda and provided a docking adapter for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft and allowed for spacewalks using Russian spacesuits. It was decomissioned, undocked and deorbited in 2021.

Harmony 🇺🇸: Harmony was launched on 23 October 2007 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-120. It contains sleeping cabins for four crew members, connects the American, Japanese and European labs of the station and provides electrical power to them.

Columbus 🇪🇺: Columbus was launched on 7 February 2008 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-122. It is the single largest contribution to the station by ESA and serves as the European laboratory.

Kibō 🇯🇵: Kibō is the largest module of the ISS and took several flights to fully assemble: STS-123 (11 March 2008, Endeavour), STS-124 (31 May 2008, Discovery) and STS-127 (15 July 2009, Endeavour). It serves as the Japanese laboratory on the station.

Poisk 🇷🇺: Poisk was launched on 10 November 2009 aboard a Soyuz-U rocket. Posik is nearly identical to Pirs and is also docked to Zvezda.

Tranquility 🇺🇸: Although built by the ESA and the Italian Space Agency, Tranquility is owned by NASA. It was launched on 8 February 2010 aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-130. It contains life support systems, exercise equipment and a toilet.

Cupola 🇺🇸: Once again ESA built and owned by NASA, Cupola was launched on 8 February 2010 and launched aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-130. It is attached to Tranquility.

Rassvet 🇷🇺: Launched on 14 May 2010 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-132, Rassvet serves mainly as a storage compartment and docking port.

Leonardo 🇺🇸: Launched on 24 Feburary 2011 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-133, Leonardo is currently used for storage of spare parts and waste.

BEAM 🇺🇸: BEAM, which is short for Bigelow Expandable Activity Module, was launched on 8 April 2016 aboard a Falcon 9 on CRS-8. It was built by Bigelow Aerospace but has been under NASA ownership since 2021. It is used as additional cargo storage space.

Nauka 🇷🇺: After many delays, Nauka was launched on 21 July 2021 aboard a Proton-M rocket. Nauka is the primary laboratory for the Russian side of the ISS. It sits at the same docking port as Pris was (Pris was deorbited specifically to make place for Nauka)

Prichal 🇷🇺: Prichal was launched on 24 November 2021 aboard a Soyuz 2.1b rocket. It has 6 hybrid docking ports.

And that's the end of the thread. Thank you for reading everyone!

@burakalpkaya34 Neat thread!

@Luis_RamosX Thanks!