My first PhD paper is out in ProcB!
I'm excited that this whopper of a first chapter made it to the finish line, and I'm really proud of what we've done.
I may post a more detailed breakdown of interesting findings later, but a quick summary below:
A message to fellow scientists - please do not under any circumstance use generative AI images as "illustrations" to promote research.
The relationship between scientists & artists is historically long standing and mutually beneficial. Don't set a precedence by trampling on it.
The *other* super-popular Upper Cretaceous North American dinosaur.
I've been wanting to do an updated Triceratops muscle study since before I started the T. rex, so I'm happy to finally share this!
🥩🦴
My muscle study of Deinonychus, the quintessential dromaeosaurid... Velociraptor who?
This entry in the series is definitely pushing into the realm of bird-like anatomy, but it's not *quite* there. Non-avian theropods really are a strange mishmash of features. 🍗🍗
Confirmed longboi.
Diplodocus and its closest relatives are my favourite sauropods. I think that they have a very cool shape, so picking Diplodocus for my first sauropod muscle study felt like the clear choice.
🦕🍖
I've been looking forward to sharing this on a
#FossilFriday
for a while. This is my reconstruction of the deep and superficial musculature of Triceratops. I like to think of this as a dissection guide for an animal that no anatomist will ever get to dissect.
#PaleoArt
#Dinosaurs
Hopefully the video doesn't get too compressed, but here's a layer-by-layer look at Hatcher the Triceratops, built atop reposed scans of the mounted skeleton made available by the Smithsonian DPO.
🦴🥩🍗
This piece is about a year and a half old now. It's still one of my favourites, but I'm tempted to give it another shot. I've gotten a lot better at drawing both people and T. rex since making it.
This is the 4th T. rex I've modelled like this, and I think my best. In addition to general experience, a ton of bird dissection work this year helped pushed this to a point I'm very happy with.
Built muscle-by-muscle around my skeleton model, and meant for artist reference use!
My muscle study of Tenontosaurus! With another ornithischian due and the last theropod in the series being Deinonychus, it felt like the clear choice. It may not have the celebrity status of previous entries, but it's a personal favourite. There's a *lot* of meat in that tail. 🥩
Homology!
Given their shared ancestry, crocodylians and birds share many of the same muscle groups - but they are arranged and shaped quite differently.
🍗
My Triceratops muscle model, built around my edits to the Smithsonian skeleton, has received some subtle shape tweaking to tidy up a few things that were bugging me. I've also rendered it out in a style equivalent to my recent skeletons. A labelled version will arrive eventually!
Hey, I sculpted another 3D skeleton. This time it's Allosaurus jimmadseni (the cooler Allosaurus species).
A generalised representation as usual with my models, but scaled to and taking heavy cues from Big Al 2.
When you're used to Tyrannosaurids, Allosaurus feels so... dainty.
Triceratops 3D muscles repost to milk engagement.
Each muscle was individually sculpted around my edits to the Smithsonian composite skeleton, intended to be used as reference!
...please don't attempt to milk a Triceratops.
Protoceratops is a real cursed little gremlin. Pretty much the front end of a quadruped stitched to the rear end of a biped. I love this dumb lil goober, but it's a frustrating animal to study.
Stegosaurus stenops skeletals, the holotype (USNM 4934, top) and Sophie (NHMUK PV R36730, bottom).
Between them we have a mostly complete picture of S. stenops, but the holotype is a little bit mashed and jumbled, and it took the description of Sophie to work out what was what.
I think many home releases of Jurassic Park do a disservice to the effects, especially the 2011 blu-ray, which was very washed out. Looking at scans of a 1993 35mm print, everything feels more tangible, imo. The high contrast of the shadows feels better, and hides potential jank.
Hey all - if you're currently in the business of needing accurate, high-fidelity skeletal illustrations for research, display, or any other purposes, then I'm currently in the business of taking commissions. Doesn't neccessarily have to be dinosaurs! DM me if interested.
Tarbosaurus is often depicted with a substantially narrower snout than good ol' T. rex.
However, there are Tarbosaurus skulls with broad, T. rex-like snouts, or at least broader snouts than the generalised skull drawings you sometimes see.
Figures from Hurum & Sabbath, 2003.
Building and rigging this T. rex skeleton bone-by-bone a few months ago was probably the most fun I've had with a creative endeavour in a very long time. And it's certainly not something I'm entirely done with. 🦴🦖
Paleoart food for thought:
Note how the definitions of several moving muscles are discernable even despite the thick skin, particularly at the shoulders, thighs and inguinal regions. Yet, this gator isn't "shrink-wrapped".
Muscles influence the form of every overlying tissue.
At the start of this year, I sculpted the complete myology of Brachylophosaurus (which is my favourite hadrosaur) atop my skeletal reconstruction, but didn't 100% finish rendering it out in the multi-view orhtographic style that I usually present my muscle diagrams.
You may have seen the 360 turnaround video that I made of my Triceratops muscle model, but I also slapped this image together in case anyone wanted a static reference sheet. This one has dorso-ventral views, too!
I still really like this one from a few years ago. I'd like to do a remake of it at some point - I think I've gotten better at drawing both people and T. rex since then.
YOU! PALEOARTIST!
Show me your art of dinosaurs and people coexisting. (Can be any other prehistoric animal. Can be mounts, pets, an animals that farmers like having around because it helps the ecosystem, or the more realistic dinosaurs hunting humans in spec evo)
Recently for a hobby project (more on this soon), I've been taking a detailed look at the appearance of Jurassic Park's T. rex. This led to a quick aside where I sketched out what the skeleton may look like. It's neat to see where it does and doesn't deviate from the real animal.