A thread on medical mnemonics (note that the upper case letters are the first-letter mnemonic):
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cerebellar signs (DANISH):
Dysdiadochokinesia/ Dysmetria
Ataxia
Nystagmus (horizontal)
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia
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breaking bad news SPIKES:
Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Strategy and summary
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features of melanoma ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregularity (or poorly defined)
Colour (varying colours)
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (changing in size, colour or shape)
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management of tuberculosis RIPE:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid (+ pyridoxine)
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
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diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) regarding presentation:
Dehydration
Ketonemia\Kussmaul breathing
Acidosis
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diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) regarding diagnosis:
Decrease in (bicarbonate and sodium) levels
Ketones in blood
Amylase elevation
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diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) regarding treatment:
Dehydration therapy (fluids)
K+ potassium administration
Addition of bicarbonate (if PH<7.1)
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paediatric history BINDS:
Birth
Immunisations
Nutrition
Development
Social history
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level of consciousness ACVPU:
Alert
Confused
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
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hypernatremia causes (6 D's):
Diuresis
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Docs (iatrogenic)
Diarrhea
Disease (kidney, sickle cell)
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Presentation of endocarditis (FROM JANE):
- Fever
- Roth spots (retinal hemorrhages)
- Osler nodes (Small, tender nodules on the finger and to pads)
- Murmur
- Janeway lesions (small peripheral
hemorrhages)
- Anemia
- Nail hemorrhage
- Emboli
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pheochromocytoma clinical presentation (5 P's):
Pressure (blood pressure)
Pain
Perspiration
Palpitations
Pallor
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Multiple Myeloma (CRAB):
hyperCalcemia
Renal involvement
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
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clincal presentation of pneumothrorax (P-THORAX):
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Tracheal deviation
- Hyperresonance
- Onset sudden
- Reduced breath sounds (and dyspnea)
- Absent fremitus (asymmetric chest wall)
- X-ray shows collapse
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treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):
- Corticosteroids
- Oxygen
- Prevention (stop smoking,
pneumococcal and influenza vaccines)
- Dilators (B2 agonists, anticholinergics)
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niacin or vitamin B₃ deficiency (4 D’s):
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death (if untreated)
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level of diaphragmatic apertures:
vena cava = 8 letters = T8
oesophagus = 10 letters = T10
aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12
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beck’s triad of acute cardiac tamponade (3 D’s):
Distant heart sounds
Decreased arterial blood pressure
Distended neck veins
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pheochromocytoma (rule of 10’s):
10% extra-abdominal
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% in children
BUT 30% genetic/syndromic!
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any history taking with chief complaints of pain (SOCRATES):
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associated symptoms
Timing
Exacerbating/ relieving factors
Severity (out of 10)
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lump examination (3S’s, 3C’s, 3T’s, 1F):
Site
Size
Shape
Contour
Colour
Consistency
Tenderness
Tethering
Transillumination
Fluctuance
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meckel’s diverticulum (rule of 2’s):
2% of population
2x commoner in males
2 feet proximal to ileocaecal valve
2 inches in length
2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic)
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causes of abdominal distension (6 F’s)
Fat
Fluid
Flatus
Faeces
Foetus
Fulminant mass
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anatomical layers of the scalp (SCALP) mnemonic:
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (galea)
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
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7 Ps of Patau syndrome:
- holoProsencephaly
- cleft liP
- Palate
- Polydactyly
- Pump disease (congenital heart disease)
- Polycystic kidney disease
- cutis aPlasia.
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Heart murmurs
@md1talk
Aortic stenosis is the correct answer. There is a mnemonic for it that may ease memorizing it, as shown in the picture below
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